Spontaneous excitation of the visual cortex and association areas — Lambda waves

Evans, Carys

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(53)90054-6

Cited by 64 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This result is consistent with other studies, which have shown that visual responses to luminance changes occur either when the stimulus is modified at a single fixation location or when the subjects move their eyes to a new location that has different luminance (Barlow and Cigánek, 1969;Riemslag et al, 1987). Second, as in our study, eye movements over black or gray backgrounds elicit little or no EEG response (Evans, 1953;Fourment et al, 1976). Although this result reinforces the visual nature of the two most prominent components of the fERP, it does not completely exclude nonvisual responses locked to the initiation of eye moments, as neurophysiological recordings during selfinitiated ocular movements in the dark have demonstrated in both monkeys and humans (Fourment et al, 1976;Skrandies and Laschke, 1997;Rajkai et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In this regard, the use of natural stimuli and natural behaviors such as free viewing, which includes attention and other top-down mechanisms, can provide new insights into the dynamics of visual perception (Maldonado et al, 2008). In contrast to previous studies, in which eye movements were allowed but directed to low-level visual stimuli (Evans, 1953;Green, 1957;Gaarder et al, 1964;Scott et al, , 1981Barlow and Cigánek, 1969;Yagi, 1981;Riemslag et al, 1987;Billings, 1989;Thickbroom et al, 1991), our study was performed with ocular movements occurring in a stream of autonomous actions over a complex visual scene. Despite these methodological differences, our results share two important aspects with these previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Superposition Model Predicts EEG Occipital Activity during Free Viewing of Natural Scenes

Ossandón

Helo²,

Montefusco‐Siegmund³

et al. 2010

J. Neurosci.

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Visual event-related potentials (ERPs) produced by a stimulus are thought to reflect either an increase of synchronized activity or a phase realignment of ongoing oscillatory activity, with both mechanisms sharing the assumption that ERPs are independent of the current state of the brain at the time of stimulation. In natural viewing, however, visual inputs occur one after another at specific subject-paced intervals through unconstrained eye movements. We conjecture that during natural viewing, ERPs generated after each fixation are better explained by a superposition of ongoing oscillatory activity related to the processing of previous fixations, with new activity elicited by the visual input at the current fixation. We examined the electroencephalography (EEG) signals that occur in humans at the onset of each visual fixation, both while subjects freely viewed natural scenes and while they viewed a black or gray background. We found that the fixation ERPs show visual components that are absent when subjects move their eyes on a homogeneous gray or black screen. Single-trial EEG signals that comprise the ERP are predicted more accurately by a model of superposition than by either phase resetting or the addition of evoked responses and stimulus-independent noise. The superposition of ongoing oscillatory activity and the visually evoked response results in a modification of the ongoing oscillation phase. The results presented suggest that the observed EEG signals reflect changes occurring in a common neuronal substrate rather than a simple summation at the scalp of signals from independent sources.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Superposition Model Predicts EEG Occipital Activity during Free Viewing of Natural Scenes

Ossandón

Helo²,

Montefusco‐Siegmund³

et al. 2010

J. Neurosci.

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“…The first measured electroencephalographic responses related to motion were possibly those evoked by the retinal image shift during eye movements, recorded by Gastaut and Ré gis [8] and Evans [9] around 1950. They are also known as 'lambda wave' [e.g., 10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A primer on motion visual evoked potentials

Heinrich¹

2007

Doc Ophthalmol

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Motion visual evoked potentials (motion VEPs) have been used since the late 1960s to investigate the properties of human visual motion processing, and continue to be a popular tool with a possible future in clinical diagnosis. This review first provides a synopsis of the characteristics of motion VEPs and then summarizes important methodological aspects. A subsequent overview illustrates how motion VEPs have been applied to study basic functions of human motion processing and shows perspectives for their use as a diagnostic tool.

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“…The most prominent component of the EFRP is called the lambda response, which is a sharp positive component with a latency of about 80 msec from the offset of saccades. Some participants show a large deflection identical to the lambda response without the averaging of EEGs (Evans, 1953;Green, 1957;Perez-Borja, Chatrian, Tyce, & Rivers, 1962;Roth & Green, 1953;Scott, Groethuysen, & Bickford, 1967). The lambda response had been considered to occur at the onset of saccades (Kurtzberg & Vaughan, 1973).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lambda response, therefore, is regarded as a type of so-called visual-evoked potentials (VEPs). Some studies have compared the lambda response (or the substitute in raw EEGs) with the flash-evoked response (Barlow & Cigánek, 1969;Evans, 1953;Green, 1957;Perez-Borja et al, 1962;Scott et al, 1967), with the motion VEP (Ebersole & Galambos, 1973;Lesèvre & Ré-mond, 1973;Rémond & Lesèvre, 1971;Riemslag, van der Heijde, & van Dongen, 1987;Thickbroom et al, 1991), with the pattern-reversal VEP (Billings, 1989;Kurtzberg & Vaughan, 1973;Morton et al, 1974;Scott, Moffett, & Bickford, 1981), and with the pattern-onset VEP (Szirtes, Marton, & Urban, 1988). In particular, the P100 component of pattern-reversal VEP is very similar to the lambda response (Billings, 1989;Scott et al, 1981).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between the lambda response of eye-fixation-related potentials and the P100 component of pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials

Kazai

Yagi

2003

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

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The purpose of this study was to compare the lambda response of eye-fixation-related potentials (EFRPs) with the P100 component of pattern-reversal visual-evoked potentials. EFRPs were obtained by averaging EEGs time-locked to the offset of the saccade. The dipole of the lambda response and that of the P100 component were estimated by the dipole-tracing method (Musha & Homma, 1990). The locations of their dipoles at the occipital sites were very close to each other when the difference waveform, which was calculatedby subtracting the EFRP to the patternless stimulus from the EFRP to the patterned stimulus, was used for the lambda response. This finding implies that the lambda response and P100 have a common neural generator in the visual cortex. However, the peak latency of the lambda response was shorter than that of P100. The saccades in the EFRP trial were considered to be the cause of the difference.

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Spontaneous excitation of the visual cortex and association areas — Lambda waves

Cited by 64 publications

References 2 publications

Superposition Model Predicts EEG Occipital Activity during Free Viewing of Natural Scenes

Superposition Model Predicts EEG Occipital Activity during Free Viewing of Natural Scenes

A primer on motion visual evoked potentials

Comparison between the lambda response of eye-fixation-related potentials and the P100 component of pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials

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