Spontaneous Formations of Dynamical Steady States in Polariton Condensates

Abstract

We present a numerical analysis on dynamical steady states of polariton Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in an incoherent exciton reservoir driven by a ring-shaped optical pump. The balance between the loss and gain of polariton BEC induces a variety of steady states with different configurations, including approximate Gaussian distribution and topological defects, such as vortex–antivortex pairs, vortices with a winding number, and solitons. Besides, the system becomes unstable under fast decay rates and small pumping ring, where BECs can no longer exist in the long-time limit. We also confirm the soliton is dynamically stable in this system, with a steady polariton current induced by the repulsive polariton–polariton and polariton–exciton interactions.

Dynamics and formation of vortices collapsed from ring dark solitons in a two-dimensional spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate

“…Over the past decades, the condensates of ultra-cold atoms have proved to be an ideal platform for the exploration of superfluid [1][2][3] . Due to the change of internal degrees of freedom, multi-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) can produce more abundant nonlinear excitations and more complex dynamic behaviors than onecomponent BEC (scalar condensate) [4][5][6], such as a variety of vector solitons [7], self-bound three-dimensional solitons [8,9], and self-trapped quantum balls [10]. With the introduction of ring dark solitons (RDSs) from nonlinear optics into ultra-cold atomic systems [11], the generation, modulation and kinetic behaviors of RDSs in onecomponent and two-component systems have been well studied [12][13][14].…”