Spontaneous four-wave mixing in microring resonators

Helt, L. G.; Yang, Zhenshan; Liscidini, Marco; Sipe, J. E.

doi:10.1364/ol.35.003006

Cited by 156 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…If both signal and idler are measured to be single mode, the joint two-photon state is fully separable and no entanglement is present 41 . The generation of pure states is intimately linked to the pump configuration used to excite the photon pairs 42 . In particular, if the excitation bandwidth is equal to the bandwidth of the signal and idler photons, such a desirable high-purity frequency state can be generated 42 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The generation of pure states is intimately linked to the pump configuration used to excite the photon pairs 42 . In particular, if the excitation bandwidth is equal to the bandwidth of the signal and idler photons, such a desirable high-purity frequency state can be generated 42 . This condition can be achieved if the microring resonator is pumped by means of a broadband pulsed laser, which is spectrally filtered to excite only a single resonance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On-chip generation of high-dimensional entangled quantum states and their coherent control

Kues

Reimer

Roztocki

et al. 2017

Nature

839

656

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[8][9][10][11] . Here, we demonstrate on- as schematized in Fig. 1. In particular, we used a spectrally-filtered mode-locked laser to excite a single resonance of the microring at ~1550 nm wavelength, in turn producing pairs of correlated signal and idler photons spectrally-symmetric to the excitation field and which cover multiple resonances, see Fig. 1. The individual photons were intrinsically generated in a superposition of multiple frequency modes and owing the energy conservation of SFWM, this approach leads to the realization of a two-photon high-dimensional frequency-entangled state.We performed two experiments to characterize the dimensionality of the generated state. The large free spectral range (FSR) of the ring cavity (~200 GHz), i.e. the spectral separation between adjacent resonance modes, enabled us to use a commercially available telecommunications programmable filter (see Methods) for individually selecting and manipulating the states in these modes (given the filter's operational bandwidth of 1527.4 to 1567.5 nm, we were able to access 10 signal and 10 idler resonances). We measured the joint spectral intensity, describing the twophoton state's frequency distribution, see Methods. Specifically, we routed different frequency 4 modes of the signal and idler photons to two single photon detectors and counted photon coincidences for all sets of mode combinations. As shown in Fig. 2a, photon coincidences were measured only for mode combinations spectrally-symmetric to the excitation, a characteristic of frequency-entangled states. In addition, we evaluate the Schmidt number of our source. This parameter describes the lowest number of significant orthogonal modes in a bipartite system, and therefore describes its effective dimension. Through a Schmidt mode decomposition of the correlation matrix (see Methods), we extracted the lower bound for the Schmidt number to be 9.4, see Fig. 2b.Due to the narrow spectral linewidth of the photons (~800 MHz) and the related long coherence time (~0.6 ns), the effective time resolution of our full detection system (~100 ps) was sufficient to perform time-domain measurements and extract the maximal dimensionality of the state, seeMethods. Specifically, we measured the second-order coherence of the signal and idler fields using These measurements confirmed that one photon pair simultaneously spans multiple frequency modes, forming a high-dimensional entangled state of the form, with ∑| | 2 = 1 (Eq. 1).Here | ⟩ s and | ⟩ i are pure, single-frequency quantum states of the signal (s) and idler (i) photons, and k=1,2,…,D is the mode number, as indicated in Fig. 3 In general, the exploitation of quDit states for quantum information processing motivates the need for high-dimensional operations that enable access to multiple modes with a minimum number of components. While the individual elements (phase shifters and beam splitters) employed in the framework of spatial-mode quantum information processing usually operate on only one or two modes at a time 1 , the frequency...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-chip generation of high-dimensional entangled quantum states and their coherent control

Kues

Reimer

Roztocki

et al. 2017

Nature

839

656

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show abstract

“…Spontaneous FWM, which is also sometimes referred to as parametric fluorescence, is a purely quantum phenomenon that results from the coupling between the intracavity pump photons and the vacuum fluctuations of the various sidemodes. The applications of spontaneous FWM belong to the area of quantum optics engineering, where one of the main challenge is the generation of entangled twin-photon pairs with chip-scale RRs [78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90]. These photon pairs are expected to play a key role in quantum communication protocols.…”

Section: Quantum Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kerr optical frequency combs: theory, applications and perspectives

Chembo

2016

Nanophotonics

138

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Abstract:The optical frequency comb technology is one of the most important breakthrough in photonics in recent years. This concept has revolutionized the science of ultra-stable lightwave and microwave signal generation. These combs were originally generated using ultrafast mode-locked lasers, but in the past decade, a simple and elegant alternative was proposed, which consisted in pumping an ultra-high-Q optical resonator with Kerr nonlinearity using a continuous-wave laser. When optimal conditions are met, the intracavity pump photons are redistributed via four-wave mixing to the neighboring cavity modes, thereby creating the so-called Kerr optical frequency comb. Beyond being energy-efficient, conceptually simple, and structurally robust, Kerr comb generators are very compact devices (millimetric down to micrometric size) which can be integrated on a chip. They are, therefore, considered as very promising candidates to replace femtosecond mode-locked lasers for the generation of broadband and coherent optical frequency combs in the spectral domain, or equivalently, narrow optical pulses in the temporal domain. These combs are, moreover, expected to provide breakthroughs in many technological areas, such as integrated photonics, metrology, optical telecommunications, and aerospace engineering. The purpose of this review article is to present a comprehensive survey of the topic of Kerr optical frequency combs. We provide an overview of the main theoretical and experimental results that have been obtained so far. We also highlight the potential of Kerr combs for current or prospective applications, and discuss as well some of the open challenges that are to be met at the fundamental and applied level.

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“…These results show how our device would perform as an onchip two-photon source, based on high-fidelity on-chip entanglement. [25] For a source that can drive general multiphoton experiments on-chip, however, we require uncorrelated [28] and degenerate pairs in discrete spatial modes, to allow arbitrary interference. Towards this goal, we produced degenerate photons viadegenerate SFWM -the timereversed version of the non-degenerate process -which requires a two-colour pump (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On-chip quantum interference between silicon photon-pair sources

Silverstone¹,

Bonneau²,

et al. 2013

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Integrated quantum optics promises to enhance the scale and functionality of quantum technologies, and has become a leading platform for the development of complex and stable quantum photonic circuits. Here, we report path-entangled photon-pair generation from two distinct waveguide sources, the manipulation of these pairs, and their resulting high-visibility quantum interference, all on a single photonic chip. Degenerate and non-degenerate photon pairs were created via the spontaneous four-wave mixing process in the silicon-on-insulator waveguides of the device. We manipulated these pairs to exhibit on-chip quantum interference with visibility as high as 100.0 ± 0.4%. Additionally, the device can serve as a two-spatial-mode source of photon-pairs: we measured Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, off-chip, with visibility up to 95 ± 4%. Our results herald the next generation of monolithic quantum photonic circuits with integrated sources, and the new levels of complexity they will offer.

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Spontaneous four-wave mixing in microring resonators

Cited by 156 publications

References 19 publications

On-chip generation of high-dimensional entangled quantum states and their coherent control

On-chip generation of high-dimensional entangled quantum states and their coherent control

Kerr optical frequency combs: theory, applications and perspectives

On-chip quantum interference between silicon photon-pair sources

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