Spontaneous hoof capsule loss following lacerations of the equine distal limb

Ruzickova, P.; Trencart, Pierre; Laverty, Sheila

doi:10.1111/eve.12597

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…To cause ALI similar to that in man, all the vessels supplying the distal limb of the horse would appear to have to be affected as unilateral vascular transection that is relatively common does not result in spontaneous hoof wall loss. It is interesting to note that in this series of 3, 2 had trauma at the level of the pastern or 'lower limb' and one was an almost circumferential injury of the distal metatarsus (Ruzickova et al 2017). At these levels, the important vascular supply to the distal limb is relatively exposed to trauma and this may be an important factor for equine veterinarians to consider when evaluating lacerations of the distal limb in horses as a potential risk factor for spontaneous hoof wall loss.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…As the authors of this case series point out (Ruzickova et al . ), the severity of the swelling and inflammation, if extended distally into the hoof capsule, may have been sufficient to impair lamellar capillary perfusion (compartment syndrome), or other factors such as septic arterial thromboembolism could also have contributed to ischaemia in the reported cases, besides purely traumatic vascular damage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…It is interesting to note that in this series of 3, 2 had trauma at the level of the pastern or ‘lower limb’ and one was an almost circumferential injury of the distal metatarsus (Ruzickova et al . ). At these levels, the important vascular supply to the distal limb is relatively exposed to trauma and this may be an important factor for equine veterinarians to consider when evaluating lacerations of the distal limb in horses as a potential risk factor for spontaneous hoof wall loss.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This edition of EVE contains a case series of three horses with spontaneous hoof capsule loss (Ruzickova et al 2017). These horses had a history of traumatic injury to the distal aspect of a hindlimb with subsequent hoof capsule loss occurring 10 days after the initial injury.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Loss of the hoof capsule in horses as a consequence of limb ischaemia

Ahern

Eps

2016

Equine Veterinary Education

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confidence: 91%

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confidence: 91%

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confidence: 97%

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confidence: 99%

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Loss of the hoof capsule in horses as a consequence of limb ischaemia

Ahern

Eps

2016

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Complete avulsion of the hoof in horses may limit function, interfere with performance and euthanasia may be advised in some cases [20]. It is a relatively atypical injury with just few reports on literature [9][10][11]18]. The origin can be traumatic or can be caused by traumatic, septic or inflammatory alterations in the coronary band.…”

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confidence: 99%

Complete Avulsion of the Hoof Capsule and Subsequent Testicular Degeneration in a Criollo Stallion

Mousquer

Curcio

Müller

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Complete avulsion of the hoof in horses, also known as exungulation, is not a commonly reported injury and usually leads to euthanasia due to the great amount of tissue loss, intense pain, secondary complications, expensive and lengthy treatment. It can involve deep structures and cause different complications leading to chronic lameness. In stallions affected by such injury, the reproductive tract and performance may also be affected. The aim of this study was to report a case of complete avulsion of the right front hoof in a Criollo stallion and subsequent bilateral testicular degeneration.Case: A 10-year-old Criollo stallion was referred to the Veterinary Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Pelotas (HCV- UFPel) with a complete avulsion of the left front hoof. At admission, the stallion had clinical parameters compatible with intense pain and blood loss. Evaluation of the wound demonstrated that the distal end of the third phalanx (P3) was exposed but no fracture was detected on radiological evaluation. No other structure was apparently affected. Initially, anti-inflammatory (phenylbutazone) and opioid (morphine) was given for pain control and supportive fluid therapy was started to restore hydration. Antibiotic (Sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim) were administered for 10 days. Continued therapy with phenylbutazone, pentoxifylline, omeprazole and supplementation with methionine, biotin and zinc was also given. Local treatment was carried out by cleaning the wound, applying an antimicrobial ointment and dressing it with a bandage. Wound management was adapted according to the evolution and healing process. The stallion was kept in stall rest during its hospitalization time. In the second month after the injury, accumulation of liquid in the scrotum was observed. Clinical and ultrasound evaluation lead to a presumptive diagnosis of testicular degeneration. The stallion was discharged after three months when the wound was almost healed and the hoof had started to grow. Six month later, a follow up by the referring vet showed that the hoof was almost completely grown and the x-ray assessment demonstrated a cranial rotation and resorption of the distal end of the third phalanx.Discussion: The stallion of this report had a complete avulsion of the hoof capsule caused by trauma. Conservative treatment was established including wound cleaning and dressing to avoid contamination, control of pain and inflammation, antimicrobial care and supplementation to support hoof growth. Time period for wound healing and hoof growth was in agreement with other cases described previously. Bone sequestrum of the distal end of the third phalanx, and detachment of a fragment were observed in this case, followed by bone resorption. The stallion was closely monitored to prevent laminitis in the contralateral limb and no alterations were detected during the treatment period. Testicular degeneration was observed, probably caused as a consequence of hoof avulsion and due to a long period of stall rest. Degenerative alterations in testicles interfere with thermoregulation and spermatogenesis, affecting semen quality and reproductive performance. Rotation of the third phalanx was also observed six months later caused by the hoof loss. In conclusion, the patient of this report had a complete regrowth of the hoof capsule although a long intensive treatment was necessary to achieve this result. As a consequence, testicles degeneration may happen impairing its function as a stallion.Keywords: exungulation,hoof trauma, degenerative changes.

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Equine limb cellulitis/lymphangitis resulting in distal limb ischaemia and avulsion of the hoof capsule

Duggan

Mair

Fews³

2021

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Limb cellulitis/lymphangitis is a well‐recognised syndrome in horses, but there are limited published reports concerning outcomes and complications. This report describes a horse with hindlimb cellulitis/lymphangitis that developed ischaemia of the distal limb resulting in necrosis of the suspensory ligament branches and avulsion of the hoof capsule. A 16‐year‐old Thoroughbred mare was referred for further investigation and treatment of a left hindlimb cellulitis/lymphangitis. The culture of a swab taken from superficial pustules on the leg yielded a moderate growth of coliform bacteria and a profuse growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Treatment included systemic antimicrobials (based on the results of culture and sensitivity), phenylbutazone, dexamethasone, morphine and paracetamol. Following some initial clinical improvement, hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joint was noted on Day 5 of hospitalisation. Complete avulsion of the ipsilateral hoof capsule occurred on Day 10, and the horse was immediately euthanised. A limited post‐mortem examination revealed necrosis of the suspensory ligament branches. Fibrin thrombi, interstitial haemorrhage and oedema were identified in the suspensory ligament branches and adjacent subcutaneous tissues, with thrombi in relatively large vessels. The dermal laminae were extensively necrotic, and the majority of the lamellar vasculature contained fibrin thrombi.

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Spontaneous hoof capsule loss following lacerations of the equine distal limb

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Loss of the hoof capsule in horses as a consequence of limb ischaemia

Loss of the hoof capsule in horses as a consequence of limb ischaemia

Complete Avulsion of the Hoof Capsule and Subsequent Testicular Degeneration in a Criollo Stallion

Equine limb cellulitis/lymphangitis resulting in distal limb ischaemia and avulsion of the hoof capsule

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