Spontaneous Lithiophilic and Lithium-Ion Conductive Functional Layer Formation Enabled by Solution-Casted Zinc Nitride for Highly Stable Lithium Metal Electrode in Carbonate Electrolyte

Abstract

To improve the reversibility of the Li metal negative electrodes, the simultaneous formation of individually functionalized zinc metal and lithium nitride during the spontaneous conversion reaction of zinc nitride particle is conducted by casting of zinc nitride particles on the lithium electrode. Lithiophilic zinc metal reduces the nucleation polarization of the lithium electrode, whereas the highly ionic conductive and electronically insulating Li3N decreases the concentration polarization from the facile ion conduction and suppression of further electrolyte decomposition during Li plating and stripping. Both these sophisticated characteristics resulted in an improvement in the deposition morphology of lithium electrode, thereby enhancing the reversibility of lithium electrode. Consequently, the cycleability improvement of Li/LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 is achieved through the application of zinc nitride surface-treated lithium electrode.

Origin of Li+ Solvation Ability of Electrolyte Solvent: Ring Strain

“…The use of Li metal as the anode material in Li-ion batteries is a highly active research area due to the high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g −1 ) and the low negative electrochemical potential (−3.04 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode) of this metal [1][2][3]. However, an irreversible Li plating/stripping process leads to the formation of Li dendrites that cause short circuits and pose a significant safety risk [4][5][6].…”