2023
DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005514
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Spontaneous, naturally occurring cancers in non-human primates as a translational model for cancer immunotherapy

Abstract: The complexity of cancer immunotherapy (CIT) demands reliable preclinical models to successfully translate study findings to the clinics. Non-human primates (NHPs; here referring to rhesus and cynomolgus macaques) share broad similarities with humans including physiology, genetic homology, and importantly also immune cell populations, immune regulatory mechanisms, and protein targets for CIT. Furthermore, NHP naturally develop cancers such as colorectal and breast cancer with an incidence, pathology, and age p… Show more

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Cited by 15 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…Rhesus macaques serve as valuable primate model animals in preclinical studies in humans owing to their anatomical and physiological similarities to humans [ 10 , 11 , 31 ]. Rhesus macaque iPSCs have been successfully generated from fibroblasts [ 20 ] and T cells [ 12 ] and differentiated into immune cells [ 12 , 32 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Rhesus macaques serve as valuable primate model animals in preclinical studies in humans owing to their anatomical and physiological similarities to humans [ 10 , 11 , 31 ]. Rhesus macaque iPSCs have been successfully generated from fibroblasts [ 20 ] and T cells [ 12 ] and differentiated into immune cells [ 12 , 32 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To evaluate the safety and function of genetically modified iPSC-derived T cells, preclinical studies have used immunodeficient mouse models [ 6 , 9 ]. However, owing to significant differences in their characteristics compared to humans, accurate predictions cannot be achieved [ 10 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Because of their genetic similarity, non-human primates (NHP) most closely replicate human biology, and studies performed in these models most accurately predict engineered cell therapy outcomes in patients. [67][68][69] However, target antigen biology and expression (as is the case for CD19) can be different between NHP and human cellular compartments, thus necessitating surrogate, nonclinical grade therapies for studies. 69 While NHP studies are occasionally performed to test aspects of safety and efficacy of engineered cell therapies, 70 these studies are expensive and difficult to carry out and will never be the first line model for discovery and iterative testing.…”
Section: Benefits and Considerations In Current Preclinical Modelingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Because of their genetic similarity, non‐human primates (NHP) most closely replicate human biology, and studies performed in these models most accurately predict engineered cell therapy outcomes in patients 67–69 . However, target antigen biology and expression (as is the case for CD19) can be different between NHP and human cellular compartments, thus necessitating surrogate, nonclinical grade therapies for studies 69 .…”
Section: Principle 2: Iterative Design In Predictive Preclinical Modelsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Non-human primates, which possess the highest genetic similarity to humans, serve as valuable preclinical models. Rhesus macaques and chimpanzees naturally develop cancers, including colorectal and breast cancers, making them potentially valuable translational models for drug testing [13]. Pigs are a novel species for cancer research, and their use is associated with relatively fewer ethical issues than that of dogs and primates.…”
Section: Large Mammalsmentioning
confidence: 99%