Spontaneous non‐traumatic tension pneumocephalus in a dog with a nasal meningoencephalocele

Shea, Anita; Domínguez, Elisabet; Stewart, Jennifer

doi:10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000670

Cited by 7 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…When related to cranial surgery or rhinotomy 3,5,6 (with or without associated meningoencephalitis), 1,8 pneumocephalus or pneumorrhachis had been reported between weeks 1–10 or from 3 weeks to 15 months following skull fractures 9 . In the present case pneumocephalus and pneumorrhachis occurred more than 6 years after a head trauma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…15 With these measures, resorption is observed in 85% of cases after 2−3 weeks, 17 although it has been shown that 50 ml of air may require up to 6 months to be completely reabsorbed. 8 Nevertheless, some authors recommend head maintenance in a slightly lowered position in order to reduce CSF drainage, which may decrease gas trapping. 9 The dog of this report presumably developed pneumocephalus and cervical pneumorrhachis due to a weak separation between nasal cavities and the brain caused in a past head trauma, together with continuous episodes of reverse sneezing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delayed traumatic pneumocephalus and cervical pneumorrhachis in a dog

Moral

Blanco

Martínez

et al. 2021

Vet Record Case Reports

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A 7‐year‐old female spayed Labrador Retriever was referred for generalised seizures which initiated 48 hours prior to presentation. Physical examination revealed facial asymmetry and enucleation of the right eye due to head trauma 6 years earlier. Neurological examination showed depressed mental status, absent menace response of the left eye, non‐ambulatory tetraparesis, absent postural reactions in all four limbs and normal spinal reflexes. Neuroanatomical localisation was prosencephalic (forebrain). MRI study of the brain allowed a diagnosis of pneumocephalus and pneumorrhachis as the cause of neurological signs. The dog was hospitalised and treated conservatively with anticonvulsants, antimicrobials and oxygen therapy. During hospitalisation, no further seizures were observed, the neurological condition improved progressively, and the dog was discharged with oral anticonvulsant treatment 4 days after admission. Eight months later, the dog was still seizure‐free, and the follow‐up MRI showed no lesions consistent with the previously diagnosed pneumocephalus and pneumorrhachis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed traumatic pneumocephalus and cervical pneumorrhachis in a dog

Moral

Blanco

Martínez

et al. 2021

Vet Record Case Reports

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“…Recurrent meningitis is a rare event that can happen either with a congenital or a post‐traumatic MEC and might occur long after the underlying trauma or even without a history of trauma in case of the congenital MEC 33. In dogs, most common signs attributed to MEC are seizures and abnormal behaviour; however, mentation changes, cranial nerve deficits, postural reaction deficits, circling, ataxia, CSF rhinorrhoea, facial deformities, hydrocephalus and pneumocephalus have been reported 16 17 23 24. In cats, seizures, abnormal behaviour, paresis and facial oedema with CSF leakage have been reported as MEC signs 25 26.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Congenital MEC or meningocele has been recognised in diffirent species 5–15. In dogs, both congenital and traumatic MEC have been reported,5 16–24 while in cats only congenital MEC has been reported in 21 cases 9 25 26…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed forebrain syndrome due to presumptive traumatic intranasal meningoencephalocele in a cat

Liatis¹,

Stefani

Mantis³

et al. 2019

Vet Record Case Reports

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A 3-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was referred with 1-month history of three generalised tonic-clonic epileptic seizures and left-sided thoracic limb knuckling. Nine months previously, the cat was bitten on the right upper palpebral region without manifesting neurological signs. On admission, physical and neurological examination revealed left-sided postural reaction deficits and absent menace response. Thus, a right-forebrain neurolocalisation was reached. Haematology, biochemistry, bile acid stimulation test, infectious diseases serology and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were unremarkable. Cerebral MRI revealed extension of brain and meninges into the right frontal sinus. Final diagnosis of a right-sided traumatic frontoethmoidal meningoencephalocele was made. The cat remained seizure free under phenobarbital treatment with residual left-sided postural reaction deficits at 9 months follow-up. This is the first report of presumptive traumatic meningoencephalocele in a cat, which emphasises the importance of complete neurological investigation and regular long-term follow-up checks in patients with historical head trauma despite the absence of initial neurological signs.

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“…The air accumulation can occur in the epidural, subdural, subarachnoid spaces, it can be intraventricular or intraparenchymal [3]. It may be seen as a complication after a craniotomy [2][3][4][5][6] and trauma [7][8][9] but other causes are reported in the veterinary literature [10,11]. In this case report, we present an 8-year-old crossbreed male dog that developed an intraventricular tension pneumocephalus and pneumorrhachis as a complication of a transfrontal craniotomy performed to treat a meningioma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraventricular Tension Pneumocephalus and Pneumorrhachis in a Dog; Diagnosis, Treatment, and MRI Follow-Up

Raurell¹,

Centellas²,

Feliz³

et al. 2020

Act Sci VetSci

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Pneumocephalus and pneumorrhachis are the accumulation of air within the cranial cavity and vertebral canal respectively being uncommon and life-threatening complications after craniotomies and few reports have been published in the veterinary literature. An 8-year-old crossbreed male dog was presented due to the development of two generalized tonic-clonic seizures during the same night. The MRI of the brain showed a right frontal-olfactory mass compatible with a meningioma which was confirmed by pathology. Eight days after the transfrontal craniotomy the dog presented neurological signs that progressed to a decerebrate posture and mydriasis in 24h. An intraventricular pneumocephalus and subarachnoid pneumorrhachis were detected in a second MRI. Immediate reoperation was carried out. At 8 weeks after reoperation, a third MRI was performed in which a complete resolution of the pneumocephalus was observed. After ten months without showing any neurological sign, this patient was euthanized due to status epilepticus by the referral veterinarian. Close monitoring, early identification of postsurgical clinical signs and imaging features are critical in order to treat this condition successfully and good long term prognosis may be achieved. For the MRI study, a low-field magnet was used (MRgrande 0,25T,

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Spontaneous non‐traumatic tension pneumocephalus in a dog with a nasal meningoencephalocele

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Delayed traumatic pneumocephalus and cervical pneumorrhachis in a dog

Delayed traumatic pneumocephalus and cervical pneumorrhachis in a dog

Delayed forebrain syndrome due to presumptive traumatic intranasal meningoencephalocele in a cat

Intraventricular Tension Pneumocephalus and Pneumorrhachis in a Dog; Diagnosis, Treatment, and MRI Follow-Up

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