Spontaneous poisoning by Brachiaria decumbens in goats

Rosa, Fernanda A.; Rubin, M. I. B.; Martins, Tessie Beck; Lemos, Ricardo A.A.; Gomes, Danilo Carloto; Pupin, Rayane C.; Lima, Stephanie C.; Barros, Claudio S.L.

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2016000500006

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Our study comprises two approaches: (i) a systematic investigation of sulfur oxidation using different characterization techniques and (ii) evaluating sulfur and potassium fertilization responses using Brachiaria ssp. The latter was evaluated by comparing the soil without the addition of S and K, supply of sulfur from S 0 (non-bioavailable sulfur) and KCl (readily available potassium), supply of K 2 SO 4 (readily available sulfur and potassium), and two samples obtained from different milling times named S-1 h and S-8 h. Brachiaria spp. is a forage grass that initially originated in East Africa, now widely used in many tropical and sub-tropical countries, including Brazil, , due to its higher tolerance to low-fertility soils, drought resistance ability, and generally free of pests and diseases …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical Activation of Elemental Sulfur Increases Its Bioavailability in the Forage Species Brachiaria Production

Borges

Sotiles

Giroto

et al. 2022

ACS Agric. Sci. Technol.

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Although sulfur is an essential macronutrient for plants, its supply through elemental S0 is not efficient, demanding its oxidation by soil microbiota before plant uptake. Thus, we demonstrate that a simple reactive mechanochemical route, using anhydrous KOH as a reactant with no need for water addition, can convert S0 to bio-absorbable oxidized forms, leading to residual K+ as a plant nutrient in the final composition. The powdery products obtained by 1 h (S-1 h) or 8 h (S-8 h) milling have been fully converted to HSO3 –, SO3 2–, and SO4 2–, also suggesting different amounts of these sulfur oxides according to the milling. S-1 h and S-8 h were efficient for S and K fertilization, as probed by the successful growing of the forage crop Brachiaria ssp. in a greenhouse trial, with similar biomass yields observed for K2SO4 (positive control) and superior to S0 + KCl (negative control). These data suggest that the mechanochemical process provides a sustainable route to increase sulfur plant bioavailability, suggesting a simple alternative that can be easily implemented in forage plant production sites such as Brachiaria ssp.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical Activation of Elemental Sulfur Increases Its Bioavailability in the Forage Species Brachiaria Production

Borges

Sotiles

Giroto

et al. 2022

ACS Agric. Sci. Technol.

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“…Plants of the genus Brachiaria are used in several countries as forage (Muniandy et al 2020) and cause spontaneous poisoning in cattle (Souza et al 2010), sheep (Riet-Correa et al 2011, Faccin et al 2014, 2019a, goats (Rosa et al 2016), buffaloes (De Oliveira et al 2013), and horses (Barbosa et al 2006). The poisoning was reproduced in sheep (Cruz et al 2001, Driemeier et al 2002, Saturnino et al 2010, Porto et al 2013, and rabbits (Utiumi et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is responsible for the poisoning (Souza et al 2010, Ogliari et al 2018. In those instances, the protodioscin concentrations were not determined (Lemos et al 1996, Caicedo et al 2012, Rosa et al 2016, Utiumi et al 2018, and even when they were, each plant species was not analyzed separately (Mustafa et al 2012, Diamantino et al 2018, 2019a, 2019b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protodioscin levels in Brachiaria spp. in a sheep production system and a brief review of the literature of Brachiaria spp. poisoning in ruminants

et al. 2021

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Plants of the genus Brachiaria, used in several countries as forage, are poisonous to some livestock species. Their toxic principle is protodioscin, and the main form of clinical presentation of the toxicosis is hepatogenous photosensitization. Here we compare protodioscin levels in B. decumbens and B. brizantha and review the literature on the concentrations and methodologies of collection and analysis of the toxic principle in Brachiaria spp. and the risk of contamination of pastures by more toxic species that may facilitate poisoning by plants of this genus in sheep. The experiment was conducted in pastures originally formed by B. brizantha, with many B. decumbens invasion points. The occurrence of cases of poisoning by Brachiaria spp. was the criterion for confirming pasture toxicity. The forage samples were collected at ten random points every 28 days through manual grazing simulation. The samples were analyzed for protodioscin by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with light scattering by evaporation (ELSD) after being dried and crushed. In the flock of 69 sheep, five poisoning cases occurred, three sheep died, and two recovered. The protodioscin levels found in the evaluated pastures ranged from 0.70 to 0.45%; higher levels appeared in B. decumbens (7.09%) compared to 1.04% in B. brizantha. We suggest that Brachiaria spp. should be avoided in pastures where sheep are grazing.

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“…The intoxication by Brachiaria spp. it's described under natural conditions in sheep [5], goats [25,30], cattle [17], buffaloes [19], and horses [2]. Although the disease by ingestion of this grass is frequent in Brazil, the epidemiological factors for its onset have not yet fully elucidated [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatogenous Photosensitization in Steer by Brachiaria decumbens

Carmo

Costa

Biscarde

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Although the etiology of hepatogenous photosensitization has not yet been fully elucidated, it is known that hepatotoxic substances (saponins) present in grasses of the genus Brachiaria spp. are responsible for intoxication of several species, causing great economic losses in the whole world. Since this grass is the source of food for the herd in Brazil, and other countries of the world, the aim of this paper is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and anatomopathological aspects of a steer with this disease.Case: A 3-year-old Nellore steer was referred to veterinary care at a property in Bahia, with a 3-week history of swelling, loss of cutaneous tissue in the ear and scrotum region, and dry faeces. The animal was raised in pasture with Brachiaria decumbens along with five animals of different age and sex; however, it was the only one to present symptoms. Although the animal had been treated at the farm, there was no clinical improvement. On clinical examination, the steer was apathetic with jaundiced mucous membranes, nasal and ocular discharge, epiphora, and ulcers on the labial and gum commissure. The steer had leukocytosis with neutrophilia, anemia, and hyperfibrinogemia. The body condition score (BCS) was 3 (BCS ranges from 1 to 9), and the skin lesions observed were bedsores, necrosis and scabs in several regions. The increase in liver enzymes (GGT, AST) indicated hepatic impairment, suggesting a case of hepatogenous photosensitization. The therapeutic protocol instituted was enteral hydration, electrolyte replacement, topical application of ointment in the injured areas. In addition, it was recommended to maintain the animal in the shade, supply of good quality grass, and a new clinical evaluation in seven days. On new examination, it was observed that there was no satisfactory clinical improvement of the animal, and persistence of laboratory changes. Despite the poor prognosis, treatment was continued for another month with the same recommendations. However, in view of the severe clinical condition and unfavorable prognosis, the animal was submitted euthanasia. Necropsy revealed extensive areas of bedsores, erythema, severe jaundice in the mucous membranes, eyeballs and opaque corneas. The liver had an enlarged volume with bulging edges and a greenish color. The kidneys had a pale brownish color, with an irregular and mottled subcapsular surface, with blackened and depressed spots. Histologically, the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes was finely vacuolated, sometimes refringent and with an abundant presence of bile pigment. It was also observed in the middle of the liver parenchyma, multiple foci of accumulation of macrophages filled with vacuoles of different sizes containing saponins and crystals of saponins inside bile ducts. Furthermore, it was possible to observe hypertrophy and hyperplasia of Kupffer cells, disarrangement of hepatocytes with individual necrosis of hepatocytes.Discussion: The diagnosis of hepatogenous photosensitization was based on history, clinical, laboratory and anatomopathological findings. Serum biochemistry was important to measure hepatic impairment and possible secondary lesions, which were confirmed by the necropsy. Although hepatogenous photosensitization is less common in adult cattle, it must be considered in the differential diagnosis of skin lesions, reduced appetite, and jaundice. Since it was a sporadic case, individual predisposition is probably a preponderant factor. Keywords: cattle, photodermatitis, intoxication, liver injury, skin lesions.

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Spontaneous poisoning by Brachiaria decumbens in goats

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Mechanochemical Activation of Elemental Sulfur Increases Its Bioavailability in the Forage Species Brachiaria Production

Mechanochemical Activation of Elemental Sulfur Increases Its Bioavailability in the Forage Species Brachiaria Production

Protodioscin levels in Brachiaria spp. in a sheep production system and a brief review of the literature of Brachiaria spp. poisoning in ruminants

Hepatogenous Photosensitization in Steer by Brachiaria decumbens

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