Spontaneous rupture of hepatic metastasis from small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of maxillary sinus

Abstract

BackgroundSmall cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the maxillary sinus, a rare malignant tumor, has a poor prognosis because of its high incidence of metastasis. Moreover, metastatic cancer-induced hepatic rupture, characterized by hemoperitoneum, is infrequent, although several lines of evidences have reported that a wide variety of other neoplasms can cause this usually fatal manifestation.Case presentationWe now present the first case of a 49-year-old man with spontaneous rupture of hepatic metastasis from small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the maxillary sinus and ultimately resulted in massive intraperitoneal bleeding, which was successfully controlled by subsequent surgery (partial hepatectomy). The postoperative clinical manifestation of the patient was uneventful. He was discharged on the 16th day after operation and without any complication.ConclusionsSmall cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the maxillary sinus is very scarce and unfortunately has a poor prognosis. It has potential to cause spontaneous metastatic rupture which can elicit fatal hemorrhage. Emergency surgery is effective, although the long-term outcome is still unsatisfactory.

Successful cisplatin-etoposide chemotherapy-based treatment of a primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the tonsil with multiple metastases: a case report

“…Previously, SNEC has been observed to follow a short course and tend to metastasize at an early stage, in contrast to other head and neck cancers. 14 To the best of our knowledge, only 15 cases of SNEC of the tonsil have been reported in the English literature, of which 9 had metastasized from primary sites. 6 , 10 Accordingly, few data are available concerning primary tumors of the head and neck with multiple metastases.…”

Safety and clinical activity of intratumoral MEDI9197 alone and in combination with durvalumab and/or palliative radiation therapy in patients with advanced solid tumors

“…The exact risk of hemorrhage and rupture is unknown; rupture of hepatic lesions is most common in hepatocellular carcinoma, but also occurs rarely in hepatic metastases from other primary tumor types. [30][31][32] Reported risk factors include tumors protruding beyond the original liver contour, exophytic tumors/extrahepatic invasion, tumor size, tumor location within the liver, liver cirrhosis, and hypertension. [32][33][34][35] Systemic exposure to MEDI9197 was low at all doses evaluated; peak plasma levels of MEDI9197 were approximately 600-fold below the minimal effective concentration (59 ng/mL) that induced cytokines in vitro in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, 19 suggesting that IT MEDI9197 is largely retained in the tumor without extensive systemic dissemination.…”

Intratumoral Hemorrhage of Liver Metastasis from a Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor

“…One possible explanation is that liver metastases tend to be more fibrotic, less vascular, and invasive, and to penetrate the liver capsule less frequently than HCC (4). Although a case of spontaneous intraperitoneal hemorrhage of liver metastasis of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the maxillary sinus has been previously reported (8), there are no previous reports of spontaneous intratumoral hemorrhage of liver metastasis of rectal NET. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of intratumoral hemorrhage of liver metastasis.…”