Spontaneous splenic rupture as the initial symptom of splenic angiosarcoma: case report and literature review

Abstract

Spontaneous splenic rupture is an extremely rare occurrence, often attributed to tumorous pathologies. Among these, primary splenic angiosarcoma stands as a malignancy arising from the endothelial cells within the spleen. While sporadic cases have been reported globally, there remains a lack of comprehensive consensus on standardized approaches for diagnosis and treatment. We report a case of an 83-year-old male who underwent emergency enhanced CT due to sudden shock, revealing significant intra-abdominal fluid accumulation. Emergency surgery revealed splenic rupture necessitating splenectomy. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of splenic angiosarcoma. Despite successful surgery, the patient succumbed to severe complications two weeks postoperatively.