Spontaneous splenic rupture due to Peliosis and the association with malignancy: A case series and literature review

Chandra, Abhishek; Navarro, Sergio M.; Killeen, Trevor F.; Nemanich, George; Harmon, James V.

doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108676

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…This rarity underscores the importance of maintaining a broad differential diagnosis when evaluating young patients with acute abdominal pain. The pathophysiology behind the spontaneous rupture of a structurally normal spleen remains speculative [10][11][12][13][14]. Increased intrasplenic tension due to congestion, vascular anomalies, or enzymatic digestion of the splenic capsule are proposed mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Splenic Rupture in a Young Patient: A Comprehensive Case Report and Literature Review

Alyaseen,

Hantol,

Alyousef

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Spontaneous splenic rupture (SSR), a rare but potentially life-threatening condition, typically occurs in the absence of trauma or underlying splenic disease. This report aims to contribute to the limited body of knowledge regarding its occurrence, diagnosis, and management in this demographic. We describe the case of a 20-year-old patient with no significant medical history who presented with acute abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock. Imaging revealed an unexpected splenic rupture without any preceding trauma or identifiable risk factors. The patient's clinical progression, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic approach are discussed in detail. This case underscores the importance of considering SSR in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen in young patients, even in the absence of predisposing factors. We review the literature to highlight the epidemiology, possible etiologies, diagnostic modalities, and treatment options for SSR. The peculiarities of managing such cases in young patients are also discussed, emphasizing a tailored approach to balance the risks of conservative management against surgical intervention. In conclusion, SSR, though rare in young patients, should be a diagnostic consideration in cases of unexplained acute abdomen. Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial for favorable outcomes. This case adds to the existing literature by providing insight into the presentation and management of this condition in a young, healthy individual, thereby aiding in enhancing clinical vigilance and patient care.

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