Spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in small cell lung cancer

Abstract

Tumor lysis syndrome is a set of metabolic disturbances that can be seen during the destruction of tumor cells and is an oncologic and metabolic emergency. The syndrome is rare in those with solid tumors, and even more rare in those with solid tumors who have not yet received chemotherapy. We present a case of tumor lysis syndrome in a patient with small cell lung cancer.

A case of spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: A rare oncologic emergency

“…All eight published patients of STLS in SCLC are summarized in Table 2 . [ 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 ] Seven of those patients had multiple liver metastases. The median age was 67 years (range: 53–73), and the median LDH was 1196 U/L (range: 399–3350) on presentation.…”

Bone marrow metastasis of small cell lung carcinoma with spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome without hepatic metastasis at diagnosis: first case report in Korea and review of literature

“…TLS is also rarely encountered in patients with solid cancers. STLS in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) was first reported in 2008, and since then, only five other cases have been reported up to present time [34567]. We report here a case of STLS associated with bone marrow (BM) metastatic SCLC without hepatic metastasis at diagnosis, and to our best knowledge, this is the first case report of STLS with BM metastatic SCLC in Korea.…”

“…TLS is frequently encountered in tumors with high cell turnover and growth rates such as hematologic malignancies including acute leukemias, Burkitt lymphoma, and high-grade lymphomas, and is commonly observed in these patients after administration of induction chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or cytolytic antibody therapy [12]. TLS unrelated to therapy is defined as spontaneous TLS (STLS), which can be observed in patients with the aforementioned hematologic malignancies, but the incidence of STLS is lower than that of TLS associated with prior therapy [34]. TLS is also rarely encountered in patients with solid cancers.…”

“…Although TLS is frequently observed in hematologic malignancies, such as acute leukemias or high-grade lymphomas, the incidence of TLS associated with solid tumors remains relatively low because they have such a low proliferative index, and a few case reports of TLS associated with solid cancer support this speculation [39]. In addition, STLS in solid tumors is an extremely rare situation and has been reported in only a few cases [3].…”

“…Although TLS is frequently observed in hematologic malignancies, such as acute leukemias or high-grade lymphomas, the incidence of TLS associated with solid tumors remains relatively low because they have such a low proliferative index, and a few case reports of TLS associated with solid cancer support this speculation [39]. In addition, STLS in solid tumors is an extremely rare situation and has been reported in only a few cases [3]. Although only a few cases of STLS in SCLC have been reported previously [34567], SCLC shows higher cell turnover rates in neoplastic cells and different characteristics from most solid cancers, and therefore, may show TLS more frequently than expected or reported up to present time.…”