Spontaneously occurring melanoma in animals and their relevance to human melanoma

Weyden, Louise van der; Brenn, Thomas; Patton, E. Elizabeth; Wood, Geoffrey A.; Adams, David J.

doi:10.1002/path.5505

Cited by 52 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Literature about canine melanoma cell lines is fairly poor [ 1 , 12 , 19 ]; the establishment of canine melanoma cell lines represents a further opportunity in the study of melanoma. Indeed, this in vitro tool could provide support to the animal models (mainly mouse models) already widely used for human melanoma, which have the disadvantage of not perfectly replicating the biological behavior of the spontaneous tumor [ 20 ]. The canine animal model shares with human melanoma the disease occurrence rate, the aggressiveness, the tendency to metastasize and the difficulty to treat metastases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Primary Cultures of Normal and Neoplastic Canine Melanocytes

Sforna

Chiaradia

Porcellato

et al. 2021

Animals

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Although numerous animal models, especially mouse models, have been established for the study of melanoma, they often fail to accurately describe the mechanisms of human disease because of their anatomic, physiological, and immune differences. The dog, as a spontaneous model of melanoma, is nowadays considered one of the most valid alternatives due to the heterogeneity of clinical presentations and of histological and genetic similarities of canine melanoma with the human counterpart. The aim of the study was to optimize a protocol for the isolation and cultivation of healthy and neoplastic canine melanocytes derived from the same animal and obtained from cutaneous and mucosal (oral) sites. We obtained five primary tumor cell cultures (from 2 cutaneous melanoma, 2 mucosal melanoma and 1 lymph node metastasis) and primary normal melanocyte cell cultures (from normal skin and mucosa) from the same dogs. Immunocytochemical characterization with Melan A, PNL2 and S100 antibodies confirmed the melanocytic origin of the cells. This work contributes to expanding the case record of studies on canine melanoma cell cultures as suitable model to study human and canine melanoma. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of isolation of normal skin and mucosal canine melanocytes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Primary Cultures of Normal and Neoplastic Canine Melanocytes

Sforna

Chiaradia

Porcellato

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…The uvea is the vascular layer of the eye and consists of the choroid, ciliary body and iris [ 1 ]. The melanocytes in these structures, just like in skin, produce the pigment melanin [ 2 , 3 ]. The quality and quantity of melanin presents as different eye colours and skin colours [ 4 ] and provide varying levels of protection from ultraviolet radiation (UVR) [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Aetiology and Development of Uveal Melanoma

Chalada

Ramlogan‐Steel

Dhungel

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Uveal melanoma (UM) is currently classified by the World Health Organisation as a melanoma caused by risk factors other than cumulative solar damage. However, factors relating to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) susceptibility such as light-coloured skin and eyes, propensity to burn, and proximity to the equator, frequently correlate with higher risk of UM. These risk factors echo those of the far more common cutaneous melanoma (CM), which is widely accepted to be caused by excessive UVR exposure, suggesting a role of UVR in the development and progression of a proportion of UM. Indeed, this could mean that countries, such as Australia, with high UVR exposure and the highest incidences of CM would represent a similarly high incidence of UM if UVR exposure is truly involved. Most cases of UM lack the typical genetic mutations that are related to UVR damage, although recent evidence in a small minority of cases has shown otherwise. This review therefore reassesses statistical, environmental, anatomical, and physiological evidence for and against the role of UVR in the aetiology of UM.

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“…Notably, these clinical challenges are not restricted to humans, as melanoma affects many other species [ 7 ], including companion animals such as the dog and horse. Spontaneously occurring canine dermal and oral malignant melanoma show striking similarities with human melanomas and represent a valuable translational animal model [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Parallel subtypes of melanoma in humans, dogs, and horses share similar driving mutations, such as NRAS, TP53, and PTEN [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Impact on Melanoma Diagnosis, Progression Monitoring, and Treatment Response

et al. 2020

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Malignant melanoma, one of the most aggressive human malignancies, is responsible for 80% of skin cancer deaths. Whilst early detection of disease progression or metastasis can improve patient survival, this remains a challenge due to the lack of reliable biomarkers. Importantly, these clinical challenges are not unique to humans, as melanoma affects many other species, including companion animals, such as the dog and horse. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny nanoparticles involved in cell-to-cell communication. Several protein and genomic EV markers have been described in the literature, as well as a wide variety of methods for isolating EVs from body fluids. As such, they may be valuable biomarkers in cancer and may address some clinical challenges in the management melanoma. This review aimed to explore the translational applications of EVs as biomarkers in melanoma, as well as their role in the clinical setting in humans and animals. A summary of melanoma-specific protein and genomic EV markers is presented, followed by a discussion of the role EVs in monitoring disease progression and treatment response. Finally, herein, we reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of methods utilised to isolate EVs from bodily fluids in melanoma patients (human and animals) and describe some of the challenges that will need to be addressed before EVs can be introduced in the clinical setting.

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Spontaneously occurring melanoma in animals and their relevance to human melanoma

Cited by 52 publications

References 133 publications

Characterization of Primary Cultures of Normal and Neoplastic Canine Melanocytes

Characterization of Primary Cultures of Normal and Neoplastic Canine Melanocytes

The Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Aetiology and Development of Uveal Melanoma

Circulating Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Impact on Melanoma Diagnosis, Progression Monitoring, and Treatment Response

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