Spontaner Pneumothorax bei der Katze: zwei Fallberichte und Literaturübersicht

Abstract

Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is a non-traumatic accumulation of air in the pleural cavity. This case report describes a cat with SP as a result of primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma. A second cat was diagnosed with primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma and asthma. A thoracostomy tube was inserted in the first cat while in the second cat a thoracostomy tube was placed and lobectomy of the right cranial and middle lung lobes was performed. Both cats died following treatment. The current literature reviewed here covers the comparative etiologies of SP as well as clinical presentation, diagnostic work-up, therapy and prognosis in cats. A total of 64 cases of cats with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax reported in nine articles are discussed. To our knowledge, there has been no previous description in the literature regarding primary SP in cats. Based on prior case reports, surgery was performed in 16% (10 cats) of SP cases. The current review demonstrates that depending on the underlying lung disease, cats with SP have a careful short-term prognosis because 39 of 64 cats (60%) were discharged.

Lung adenocarcinoma as a cause of spontaneous pneumothorax in a cat

“…There was no evidence of an association between primary cat lung tumors and FIV and FeLV infection (Hahn and McEntee, 1997), which was also the status of our case. Also, we did not establish the existence of paraneoplastic syndrome, which corresponded with literature data (Hahn and McEntee, 1998;Erin et al, 2012;George et al, 2017). A disadvantage of this case report is the limited number of recommended diagnostic procedures (biochemical blood analyzes, bronchoalveolar lavage, CT examination) we conducted, because the patient was in a very bad general clinical condition that resulted in death 24 hours after clinical presentation.…”

“…In this case, the cause of SSP was primary adenocarcinoma of the lung, which engulfed the entire left lung, and metastasis was observed on the caudal right lobe (the cat was in the terminal stage of the disease). Of the two reports showing cases of primary lung adenocarcinoma in cats with SSP, in one, the localization of adenocarcinoma was in the right lung (in one cat in the cranial and in the other in the medial right lobe) (George et al, 2017), while in the other report (Erin et al, 2012), the tumor localization was not described. Pulmonary adenocarcinomas are divided into undifferentiated and differentiated adenocarcinomas based on the histological differences and prevalence (Moulton et al, 1981), as undifferentiated adenocarcinomas are more common (Hahn and McEntee, 1997).…”

“…The greatest prevalence of primary lung adenocarcinoma was noted in elderly domestic European cats (Koblik, 1986;Hahn and McEntee, 1997;Nunley et al, 2015;Stacie et al, 2015), to which grouping our case also belonged. So far, only 10 cases of primary lung cancers leading to the occurrence of SSP in cats have been presented (Erin et al, 2012;Debra and Deborah, 2014;George et al, 2017) of which four were adenocarcinomas (Erin et al, 2012;George et al, 2017). In general, SP in cats is not a common finding, and to the authors' knowledge there are only three studies that have presented cases of cat pneumothorax (Erin et al, 2012;Debra and Deborah, 2014;George et al, 2017), and the rest are isolated cases.…”

“…So far, only 10 cases of primary lung cancers leading to the occurrence of SSP in cats have been presented (Erin et al, 2012;Debra and Deborah, 2014;George et al, 2017) of which four were adenocarcinomas (Erin et al, 2012;George et al, 2017). In general, SP in cats is not a common finding, and to the authors' knowledge there are only three studies that have presented cases of cat pneumothorax (Erin et al, 2012;Debra and Deborah, 2014;George et al, 2017), and the rest are isolated cases. Pneumothorax is the accumulation of gas in the pleural space followed by the collapse of the lungs and can be classified as open or closed, and as traumatic, spontaneous or iatrogenic (Elisa, 2001;Erin et al, 2012,).…”