Spoof Plasmon Surfaces: A Novel Platform for THz Sensing

Ng, Binghao; Wu, Jianfeng; Hanham, Stephen M.; Fernández‐Domínguez, Antonio I.; Klein, N.; Liew, T.; Breese, Mark B. H.; Hong, Minghui; Maier, Stefan A.

doi:10.1002/adom.201300146

Cited by 186 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…54 The variation of parameters such as the refractive index of the different PC constituent materials can potentially give access to other spectral regions, such as short-and midwavelength infrared, as an alternative to toxic HgCdTebased photodetection 55 or even to long-wave infrared and THz. 56 Other areas such as photovoltaics or photocatalysis 31 can benefit from this architecture because it bridges the gap between large area, infrared sensitization, and high performance. Further development might rely on the study of specific plasmonic crystals with tunable optical band gaps or on the exploitation of plasmonic nonlinear processes associated with intense electric fields.…”

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Area Plasmonic-Crystal–Hot-Electron-Based Photodetectors

2015

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In view of their exciting optoelectronic light− matter interaction properties, plasmonic−hot-electron devices have attracted significant attention during the last few years as a novel route for photodetection and light-energy harvesting. Herein we report the use of quasi-3D large-area plasmonic crystals (PC) for hot-electron photodetection, with a tunable response across the visible and near-infrared. The strong interplay between the different PC modes gives access to intense electric fields and hot-carrier generation confined to the metal− semiconductor interface, maximizing injection efficiencies with responsivities up to 70 mA/W. Our approach, compatible with large-scale manufacturing, paves the way for the practical implementation of plasmonic−hot-electron optoelectronic devices. KEYWORDS: hot carriers, plasmonic crystal, photodetectors, soft nanoimprint lithography, internal photoemission T he unique light−matter interaction properties endowed by the plasmonic character of free electrons in metallic nanostructures have motivated vivid research that during the last few decades found applications in a variety of fields such as biology, 1 chemistry, 2 medicine, 3 information theory, and quantum optics 4−6 or energy harvesting and photodetection. 7−9These plasmonic resonances give rise to photocurrent generation by decaying into highly energetic electrons, socalled "hot electrons", which are then emitted from the metal before thermalization and collected at the electrodes on the basis of the principle of internal photoemission. 10,11 The field of hot-electron plasmonics has rapidly developed during the last years, 11−33 led by the interest in active optoelectronic devices with functionalities that emanate from their plasmonic character, such as a tailored spectral response, which are especially appealing for solar-energy harvesting, 11−19 and subband-gap visible or infrared detection.20−27 The increase in hot-electron-based devices has also been fostered by the advances in associated nanofabrication technologies. Electron or ion-beam lithographies are currently used to fabricate prototypes that exploit the spectral tunability of plasmonic architectures. These devices have relied on nanoparticles, 11,22 nanoantennas, 12,20,26 or gratings 24 to excite individually either localized plasmons or surface plasmon polaritons, whose relaxation eventually leads to the creation of hot carriers. This nanostructuring, required to address the spectral tunability in these devices, has hitherto relied on low-throughput, costly, and time-consuming lithographic processes. This may seriously limit the future potential of plasmonic−hot-electron optoelectronics because large-area and high-throughput manufacturing are requisites for energy-harvesting and large-area optoelectronic applications. 34 Here we report the implementation of plasmonic crystals (PC) as a novel platform for hot-electron generation. 35,36 PCs, similar to their dielectric counterparts (photonic crystals), are periodically organized metallic architectur...

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Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Area Plasmonic-Crystal–Hot-Electron-Based Photodetectors

2015

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“…Since then, many investigators have begun referring to SPPs at THz frequencies as spoof surface plasmons [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], even though the terminology is only valid for perfect conductors and not real metals. Nevertheless, the analysis by Pendry et al does give important insight into the effective dielectric properties of metals in the THz spectral range [23,24].…”

Section: Implications Of Metal Dielectric Properties For Plasmonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Drude like behaviour of metals in the terahertz spectral range

Pandey

Gupta

Chanana

et al. 2016

Advances in Physics: X

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“…The fabricated independent-cavity structure achieves high sensitivities and FOM values among those of plasmonic sensors based on nanostructures. [2][3][4][5][6]11,13,14,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] In summary, an independent-cavity structure was fabricated by a simple process and exhibits the sharp reflectance dips that are sensitive to a change in the RI of the surrounding medium. Light was trapped in the optical vortices due to the plasmonic cavity modes without SPR propagation or leakage; therefore, the resonance dips do not depend on the angle of an incident light.…”

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confidence: 99%

Independent light-trapping cavity for ultra-sensitive plasmonic sensing

Huang

Lebrasseur

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

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The sensing characteristics of an independent-plasmonic-cavity structure that traps light were investigated. The cavity structure traps light by generating self-contained optical vortices in each independent cavity without leakage or propagation of the light; therefore, strong and sharp resonance dips are obtained in a reflectance spectrum. Multiple optical vortices are generated in the independent cavities in higher-order plasmonic cavity modes at shorter wavelengths, realizing the resonance in a wide range from visible to near-infrared. Compared to the propagating surface plasmon resonance, the resonance of plasmonic cavity mode in the independent cavity does not depend on variation of the incident angle of light. The independent-cavity structure was fabricated by a simple process, and it experimentally demonstrated a high sensitivity (above 1500 nm per refractive index unit) and a figure of merit above 20.

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Spoof Plasmon Surfaces: A Novel Platform for THz Sensing

Cited by 186 publications

References 39 publications

Large-Area Plasmonic-Crystal–Hot-Electron-Based Photodetectors

Large-Area Plasmonic-Crystal–Hot-Electron-Based Photodetectors

Non-Drude like behaviour of metals in the terahertz spectral range

Independent light-trapping cavity for ultra-sensitive plasmonic sensing

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