Spoofing and Anti-Spoofing Technologies of Global Navigation Satellite System: A Survey

Wu, Zhijun; Zhang, Yun; Yang, Yaning; Liang, Cheng; Liu, Rusen

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3022294

Cited by 68 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Then, they provided a comprehensive overview of MIMO technologies and the latest PLS research in 5G and 6G communication. Wu et al [22] evaluated the effec- tiveness and complexity of anti-spoofing methods from the signal and data levels and summarized research directions in related fields. In addition, with the increase of the mobile devices' number, the availability of medium access and frame transmission is more dependent on the protocol in the datalink layer.…”

Section: Prior Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threat analysis for space information network based on network security attributes: a review

Fan

et al. 2022

Complex Intell. Syst.

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Space Information Network (SIN) is a multi-purpose heterogeneous network. Due to the large-scale of SIN, its secure and stable operation is vulnerable to various threats. Much of current threat analysis for SIN is based on the network function or architecture. However, this approach cannot clearly divide the relation between threats and secure communication measures for a highly integrated network. Furthermore, it will lead to overlapping in segregation of secure duties. This paper presents a comprehensive review of threats and corresponding solutions in SIN from the perspective of network security attributes. In order to make the analysis applicable to more scenarios, the following three most essential attributes, confidentiality, integrity and availability, are selected as the threatened objectives. At the same time, for cross-reference with the analysis based on network function or architecture, this paper relates network layers to network security attributes through secure communication mechanisms. Specifically, the confidentiality includes confidential information-exchange and Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA), the integrity includes information identification and information restoration, and the availability includes link establishment, routing mechanism, and mobility management. According to above framework, this paper provides a cross-layer perspective for analyzing threat and enhancing the security and stability of SIN. Finally, this paper concludes with a summary of challenges and future work in SIN.

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Section: Prior Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threat analysis for space information network based on network security attributes: a review

Fan

et al. 2022

Complex Intell. Syst.

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“…Given the considerable threat surface, the design of antispoofing techniques for SATCOM scenarios has been largely focused on GNSS technologies due to their enormous usage and increasing importance in the modern connected society [54]. Today, thanks to the sensitive advances in the design of Software Defined Radios (SDRs), performing GNSS spoofing attacks is surprisingly easy.…”

Section: B Anti-spoofing Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite-Based Communications Security: A Survey of Threats, Solutions, and Research Challenges

Tedeschi¹,

Sciancalepore²,

Pietro³

2021

Preprint

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Satellite-based Communication (SATCOM) systems are gaining renewed momentum in Industry and Academia, thanks to innovative services introduced by leading tech companies and the promising impact they can deliver towards the global connectivity objective tackled by early 6G initiatives. On the one hand, the emergence of new manufacturing processes and radio technologies promises to reduce service costs while guaranteeing outstanding communication latency, available bandwidth, flexibility, and coverage range. On the other hand, cybersecurity techniques and solutions applied in SATCOM links should be updated to reflect the enormous advancements in attacker capabilities characterizing the last two decades. However, business urgency and opportunities are leading operators towards challenging system trade-offs, leading to an increased attack surface and a general relaxation of the available security services.This paper tackles the cited problems and presents a comprehensive survey on the security threats, solutions, and challenges faced when deploying and operating SATCOM systems. Specifically, we classify the literature on security for SATCOM systems into two main branches, i.e., physical-layer security and cryptography schemes. Then, we further identify specific research domains for each of the identified branches, focusing on dedicated security issues, including, e.g., physical-layer confidentiality, antijamming schemes, anti-spoofing strategies, and quantum-based key distribution schemes. For each of the above domains, we highlight the most essential techniques, peculiarities, advantages, disadvantages, lessons learned, and future directions. Finally, we also identify emerging research topics whose additional investigation by Academia and Industry could further attract researchers and investors, ultimately unleashing the potential behind ubiquitous satellite communications.

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“…There are many authentication and anti-spoofing methods in GNSS which are not based on RFF and such methods that have been widely studied in post-correlation, and especially at navigation levels [ 11 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Recently, with the advent of RFF concepts in many non-GNSS wireless communications and with increased capabilities of machine learning (ML) approaches, the RFF solutions have also started to be considered in the GNSS field; in particular, the research problem of whether RFF could work with raw GNSS data, in the pre-correlation domain, before acquisition and tracking, remains an unsolved problem.…”

Section: State-of-the-art-review and Paper Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Spoofer Detection Techniques via Radio Frequency Fingerprinting with Focus on the GNSS Pre-Correlation Sampled Data

Wang

Sánchez

Caparra

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Radio frequency fingerprinting (RFF) methods are becoming more and more popular in the context of identifying genuine transmitters and distinguishing them from malicious or non-authorized transmitters, such as spoofers and jammers. RFF approaches have been studied to a moderate-to-great extent in the context of non-GNSS transmitters, such as WiFi, IoT, or cellular transmitters, but they have not yet been addressed much in the context of GNSS transmitters. In addition, the few RFF-related works in GNSS context are based on post-correlation or navigation data and no author has yet addressed the RFF problem in GNSS with pre-correlation data. Moreover, RFF methods in any of the three domains (pre-correlation, post-correlation, or navigation) are still hard to be found in the context of GNSS. The goal of this paper was two-fold: first, to provide a comprehensive survey of the RFF methods applicable in the GNSS context; and secondly, to propose a novel RFF methodology for spoofing detection, with a focus on GNSS pre-correlation data, but also applicable in a wider context. In order to support our proposed methodology, we qualitatively investigated the capability of different methods to be used in the context of pre-correlation sampled GNSS data, and we present a simulation-based example, under ideal noise conditions, of how the feature down selection can be done. We are also pointing out which of the transmitter features are likely to play the biggest roles in the RFF in GNSS, and which features are likely to fail in helping RFF-based spoofing detection.

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Spoofing and Anti-Spoofing Technologies of Global Navigation Satellite System: A Survey

Cited by 68 publications

References 86 publications

Threat analysis for space information network based on network security attributes: a review

Threat analysis for space information network based on network security attributes: a review

Satellite-Based Communications Security: A Survey of Threats, Solutions, and Research Challenges

A Survey of Spoofer Detection Techniques via Radio Frequency Fingerprinting with Focus on the GNSS Pre-Correlation Sampled Data

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