Sporadic paediatric diarrhoeal illness in urban and rural sites in Nyanza province, Kenya

Abstract

Objective: Investigate differences in the infectious aetiology, health seeking behaviour, and provider practices with regard to diarrhoeal illness among children presenting to urban versus rural clinics in Western Kenya. Design: Laboratory-based, passive surveillance. (24% urban, 25% rural). Campylobacter was the predominant bacterial pathogen (17% urban, 15% rural), followed by Shigella and nontyphoidal Salmonella (both 4% urban and 5% rural). In both communities, susceptibilities of these pathogens to the most commonly prescribed antibiotics was low (<50%); 70% of all 388 EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter jejuni

“…In the current study, all isolates were susceptible or moderately susceptible to erythromycin. Unlike some surveillances (20,23,(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34), we did not find macrolide-resistant strains.…”

<i>Campylobacter</i> Spp. Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in a Developing Country, Burkina Faso (West Africa)

“…However, a high rate in young adults comparable to that in children can be associated with a common source of contamination: indeed, these young adults in Burkina Faso are workers who eat in the street, outside of their house. Neither schooling, nor the level of education were risk factors to enteritis due to Campylobacter, contrary to data reported in a study in Jordan where education was a risk factor that correlated significantly with diarrhea due to Campylobacter enteritis (27) than 95% of the patients came from Ouagadougou and the others were also city-dwellers: these findings are comparable to those reported by Beatty et al, (28) reported (1, 30). The clinical manifestations and substantial mortality are more frequent in AIDS patients than HIV-negative patients (1, 24, 31).…”

“…The rate may be lower than 10% in other developing countries, (41). However, the Campylobacter resistance to fluoroquinolones is high (11-95%) and continue to increase in developing countries, globally, particularly in Thailand (16,28,37). The data reported in Burkina Faso (Table 2) is in keeping with this trend.…”

“…None resistant strain was found in studies conducted in Kampala (Uganda) and in Ilorin (Nigeria) (23,41). The rate of Campylobacter resistance to tetracycline was 10.3%: with this antibiotic also various resistance patterns are found in developing countries (15,28,37,38,39). All the studies in developing countries report resistant Campylobacter to nalidixic acid, at various rates, but always higher than those to ciprofloxacin.…”

“…Erythromycin is widely used in both children and adults world wide. It has been reported that the resistance rates of Campylobacter to erythromycin is increasing and vary between 12 and 95% (28,37,40); however, the rate was lower in Burkina Faso (10.3%) and such lower rates were also found in north India, (6.1%) and in Sudan (1.7%) (15,39). Besides, Serichantalergs et al, (16) reported a decrease in the Campylobacter resistance rates to erythromycin, from 1996 to 2000, in urban Bangkok (Thailand).…”