Spore Morphology and Taxonomy of Polypodiaceae

Abstract

Pal, Sunanda and I'd, N. (Dept. Dot., Government College, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.) Spore ttiorphology arid foxoriortiy of Polypodiaceae. Grana 10: 141-148, illus., 1970.-The examination of spores belonging to eight species reprcscnting five genera of Polypodiaceae reveals that they are typically free, anisopolar and monolete (bilateral). In a majority of cases the sporcs are yellow and have a short Iaesura-about half the length of the greater equatorial axis of the spore. Generally, the spores arc elliptical in polar view and plano-convex to concavoconvex in profile view but in cross section they vaxy in shape. The average measurements in equatorial plane range from 44 p to 71 11 whereas in the polar direction they vary from 27 11 t o 47 p . The cxine is thin (about 2.5 p) and nearly smooth (Iaevigosc-scabrous-foveolose) in MicroJoriirtii and Phyttiarodes but in the other investigated genera, it is thicker, possessing different types of projections. P: E varies from 4.6 to 5.5 : 8. Oil globules are present in the spores of some species.Available data o n morphology of spores of Polypodiaceae have been tabulated in two tables o n a comparative basis and their importance in taxonomy and phylogeny of some genera have been discussed. INTRODUCTIONA critical study of the spores of fcrns and recognition of their charactcristics in considcring phylogcny and classification has reccived little attention in the past. Until rcccnt decades, the spores of ferns wcre not adcquatcly cxamincd and only a fcw gcncralised terms wcre in use 'for describing their morphology. The importance of the morphology of fcrn spores has been rccognised by Copcland (1947) and has also rcccived proper considcration by Selling India is wcll rcprcscntcd by gcncra and species of Polypodiaceae (sensir stricto) and obscrvations have already been made on a number of genera by Nayar and his co-workers and a few others. The present work was undertaken to makc a comparntivc study on sporcs of some mcmbcrs of the family and incorporatcs eight spccics (including one Burmese spccics) representing fivc (including one American) genera. MATERIALS AND METHODSSpores of the following spccics wcrc studicd: Phpirintodes scolopeirdrici (Burm.) Ching (Fig. 1). (Figs. 3 a and b).Microsoriiirti piittctatiiiir: laesura short-over half the length of greater equatorial axis, fccbly rimmed, outline of spore-elliptical in polar view, plano-convex in profile and nearly circular in cross scction; P : E = 5.5 : 8 ; cxinc thin-about 2.5 p, laevigose; size-equatorial 36(44)56 11, polar 25(30)35 p (Fig. 4).M. nirrsijoliritri: laesura vcry short-less than half the length of greater equatorial axis, not rimmed; outline of spore-clliptical in polar view, concavo-convex in profilc and proximally V- Crypsiniis grijjithianrrs: laesura vcry shortSpore ttiorphology of Polypodiaceae 143 diversity in many aspects. In the light of the points raised in the previous paragraph, a critical reinvestigation is warranted for most of these genera. In this connection, a reference ma...

Phylogeny, historical biogeography and characters evolution of the drought resistant fern Pyrrosia Mirbel (Polypodiaceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear markers

“…Several features, including the presence of specialized sterile fronds, rhizome growth-form, the distance between adjacent phyllopodia, the insertion type of rhizome scales, scale margin morphology, stomata type, venation type, sori arrangement, indumenta shape and epispore ornamentation, were all treated as diagnostic characters for infrageneric classification and species delimitation of Pyrrosia s.l. in previous studies 2 – 4 , 6 , 8 , 20 , 22 – 24 , 31 , 61 , 69 . If we only use morphologic characters to evaluate the infrageneric classification in Pyrrosia s.l., most groups or sections are not monophyletic 4 , 25 .…”

“…Confluent sori and orbicular and discrete sori have been treated as the diagnostic character even at the species and genus level in Polypodiaceae 69 – 72 . Coenosori was be considered as one of the main characters to separate the previous genus Drymoglossum from Pyrrosia s.l., although some authors considered this classification “purely artificial” 69 . The homoplasy of confluent sori in Pyrrosia s.l.…”

On the spore ornamentation of the microsoroid ferns (microsoroideae, polypodiaceae)

“…Spore data were compiled by incorporating the results of previously published studies (Bosman 1991 ; Dai et al 2006 ; Devi 1981 ; Hennipman 1990 ; Huang 1981 ; Jiang et al 2010 ; Kholia et al 2012 ; Large and Braggins 1991 ; Large et al 1992 ; Mitui 1971 1977 ; Nayar and Devi 1964 ; Nooteboom 1997 ; Pal and Pal 1970 ; Qi and Zhang 2009 ; Rödl-Linder 1990 1994 ; Shalimov et al 2013 ; Shi 2002 ; Shi and Zhang 1998 ; Sugong et al 2005 ; Tryon and Lugardon 1991 ; van Uffelen 1993 ; Wang 2001 ; Zhang et al 2006 ; Zink 1993 ) and novel observations partially based on the MSc thesis of the first author (Chen 2011 ). Spore samples were obtained from specimens recently collected in Taiwan, and from herbarium specimens of the National Sun Yat-Sen University of Taiwan (SYSU), and Taiwan Forestry Research Institute (TAIF).…”

Aspleniaceae and Polypodiaceae from the coastal regions of Riau, Indonesia and their palynological study

“…The measurement of spore size was based on 15 grains. The determination of spore characteristic followed the definition of Erdtman (1957), Nayar & Devi (1964), Pal & Pal (1970), Regalado & Sanchez (2002), Lashin (2012) and Wei & Dong (2012). Common.…”

“…The spore study of Aspleniaceae members had been reported on Asplenium from India (Nayar & Devi 1964), Cuba (Regalado & Sanchez 2002), Saudi Arabia (Lashin 2012), China (Wei & Dong 2012) and Java (Indonesia) (Pranita et al 2017). While spore studies of Polypodiaceae had been reported on Genera Phymatodes, Microsorium, Crypsonus, Lepisorus and Campyloneurum from India (Pal & Pal 1970). Morbelli & Giudice (2010) also reported the spore morphology of Polypodiaceae, genera Campyloneurum, Microgramma, Pecluma, Phlebodium, Pleopeltis and Serpocaulum from Argentina.…”