Spores of microorganisms

Šťastná, Jana; Vinter,

doi:10.1007/bf02880091

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…High organic carbon, and pH in the range of 6-7, delineate the Mollisol and Chernozem soils of the prairies of North America and the steppe of eastern Europe and central Asia, respectively, which are typically favorable to anthrax sporulation in northern latitudes 4 , 68 . These soils tend to be rich in calcium, which can further promote spore germination under the right environmental conditions 3 , 76 , 77 . Moreover, these soil profiles support rich grassland ecosystems and agricultural production 78 , which is likely reflected in the influence of livestock densities on anthrax suitability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic influence on anthrax suitability in warming northern latitudes

Walsh

Smalen

Mor

2018

Sci Rep

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Climate change is impacting ecosystem structure and function, with potentially drastic downstream effects on human and animal health. Emerging zoonotic diseases are expected to be particularly vulnerable to climate and biodiversity disturbance. Anthrax is an archetypal zoonosis that manifests its most significant burden on vulnerable pastoralist communities. The current study sought to investigate the influence of temperature increases on geographic anthrax suitability in the temperate, boreal, and arctic North, where observed climate impact has been rapid. This study also explored the influence of climate relative to more traditional factors, such as livestock distribution, ungulate biodiversity, and soil-water balance, in demarcating risk. Machine learning was used to model anthrax suitability in northern latitudes. The model identified climate, livestock density and wild ungulate species richness as the most influential features in predicting suitability. These findings highlight the significance of warming temperatures for anthrax ecology in northern latitudes, and suggest potential mitigating effects of interventions targeting megafauna biodiversity conservation in grassland ecosystems, and animal health promotion among small to midsize livestock herds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic influence on anthrax suitability in warming northern latitudes

Walsh

Smalen

Mor

2018

Sci Rep

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“…Similar wildlife-livestock interface foci have been identified in anthrax hotspots in other tropical settings as well [10,12], although investigation of the interface between livestock and other wildlife species was beyond the scope or capacity of the current study. Soil pH in this study was generally reflective of the preferred pedological profile of B. anthracis with suitability peaking in the 6-8 range, which is typical for these bacteria in many parts of the world [6,7,70,71]. In contrast to temperate climate regimes [72], anthrax suitability peaked at the lowest levels of the organic carbon content, but this was probably indicative of the relative homogeneity of generally low soil organic carbon across much of India.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

The elephant–livestock interface modulates anthrax suitability in India

2019

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Anthrax is a potentially life-threatening bacterial disease that can spread between wild and livestock animals and humans. Transmission typically occurs indirectly via environmental exposure, with devastating consequences for human and animal health, as well as pastoralist economies. India has a high annual occurrence of anthrax in some regions, but a country-wide delineation of risk has not yet been undertaken. The current study modelled the geographical suitability of anthrax across India and its associated environmental features using a biogeographic application of machine learning. Both biotic and abiotic features contributed to risk across multiple scales of influence. The elephant–livestock interface was the dominant feature in delineating anthrax suitability. In addition, water–soil balance, soil chemistry and historical forest loss were also influential. These findings suggest that the elephant–livestock interface plays an important role in the cycling of anthrax in India. Livestock prevention efforts targeting this interface, particularly within anthropogenic ecotones, may yield successes in reducing ongoing transmission between animal hosts and subsequent zoonotic transmission to humans.

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Spores of microorganisms

Šťastná

Vinter

1975

Folia Microbiol

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Spores of Bacillus cereus were germinated in a germination limited medium (GL-medium) which facilitates only germination but not the postgerminative development of spores. Under these conditions a limited protein synthesis occurs. However, this protein synthesis is stopped after a short time interval. The rate of synthesis of new proteins, as well as their total amount, is influenced by the length of the activation heat shock. Synthesis of the wall material continues for several hours and thick-walled cells with a changed ultrastructure are formed. Synthesis of the diaminopimelic acid (dap) containing material of the cell wall is sensitive to actinomycin D and relatively resistant to chloramphenicol. Similarly, protein synthesis is relatively chlorapmhenicol-resistant but is fully inhibited by azauracil or spiramycin. Whereas RNA formed in the control culture is partially decomposed after 30 min of incubation, chloramphenicol accelerates its synthesis and prevents its decay. Exudate components apparently stimulate synthesis of ribonucleic acid, proteins and the wall material. The 14-C-dap containing material released by prelabelled spores in the form of the exudate during the germination is not re-utilized by the spores germinated in the GL-medium. The results are discussed with respect to the atypical primary synthetic activities of spores under conditions when the postgerminative development is prevented and from the point of view of participation of the germination exudate during these syntheses.

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Spores of microorganisms

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Climatic influence on anthrax suitability in warming northern latitudes

Climatic influence on anthrax suitability in warming northern latitudes

The elephant–livestock interface modulates anthrax suitability in India

Spores of microorganisms

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