Sporidesmin toxicity in rabbits: Biochemical and morphological changes

Thompson, K. G.; Jones, D. H.; Sutherland, Robert J.; Bowers, Daniel E.

doi:10.1016/0021-9975(83)90018-x

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Other toxicities that could potentially cause periportal necrosis in rabbits include sporidesmin and aflatoxin. Sporidesmin given orally at 2 mg/kg (0.0042 mmol/kg) mainly caused severe necrotizing inflammation in medium and large-sized bile ducts and in the gallbladder, as well as infarcts and small foci of periportal coagulation necrosis, as well as vascular necrosis and thrombosis in portal tracts [14]. In aflatoxicosis, the lesions are more midzonal [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatotoxicity of Two Progoitrin-Derived Nitriles in New Zealand White Rabbits

Collett

Matthews

Parton

2020

Preprint

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Cattle occasionally develop brassica-associated liver disease (BALD) and photosensitisation when grazing turnip or swede (Brassica spp.) forage crops. The liver toxin in these brassica varieties has yet to be discovered. Progoitrin is the dominant glucosinolate in incriminated crops. Apart from goitrin, progoitrin hydrolysis yields the nitrile, 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene (CHB), and the epithionitrile, 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3,4-epithiobutane (CHEB). The two compounds were custom-synthesised. In a small pilot trial, New Zealand White rabbits were given either CHB or CHEB by gavage. Single doses of 0.75 mmol/kg of CHB or 0.25 mmol/kg of CHEB were subtoxic and elicited subclinical effects. Higher doses were severely hepatotoxic causing periportal to massive hepatic necrosis associated with markedly elevated serum liver biomarkers often resulting in severe illness or death within 24 h. The possibility that one or both of these hepatotoxic nitriles causes BALD in cattle requires further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatotoxicity of Two Progoitrin-Derived Nitriles in New Zealand White Rabbits

Collett

Matthews

Parton

2020

Preprint

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“…However, we are not aware of reports of hepatic infarction associated with sporidesmin exposure in mice. Hepatic infarction associated with thrombosis of hepatic vessels has been seen in sheep (Mortimer, 1963) and rabbits (Thompson et al, 1983) with sporidesmin toxicosis. An analysis of our data indicates that areas of single cell necrosis and infarction can lead to liver failure and death in exposed mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infarcts in the liver and tubular nephrosis in the kidneys have not been associated previously with sporidesmin toxicosis in mice. However, hepatic infarcts have been described in rabbits exposed to sporidesmin (Thompson et al, 1983) and in the several species in which they have been described may be associated with vascular lesions and microthrombosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sporidesmin-induced mortality and histological lesions in mouse lines divergently selected for response to toxins in endophyte-infected fescue.

Hohenboken

Robertson²,

Blodgett³

et al. 2000

Journal of Animal Science

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For eight generations, mouse lines were selected for smaller or larger reduction in postweaning gain from endophyte-infected fescue seed in the diet. After five generations in which there was no further selection for divergence in response to fescue toxicosis, the current experiment was conducted to determine whether resistant (R) and susceptible (S) lines differed in response to the mycotoxin sporidesmin (SPD). At approximately 8 wk of age, R and S mice that had never consumed endophyte-infected fescue seed were randomly assigned (five to seven per line x sex x SPD dose subclass) to receive dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) carrier or 10, 20, 30, or 40 mg/kg SPD by oral gavage. At death or euthanasia 14 d after treatment, livers and kidneys were collected for histological examination. Mice receiving 40 mg/kg SPD died sooner than mice receiving 30 mg/kg (63 vs 134 h; P = .02), but there was no line or line x dose interaction effect for time to death. Within those mice, neither line, dose, nor their interaction influenced liver weight or liver weight as a proportion of body weight. The R mice were more resistant to SPD than S mice; LD50 values were 23.6 and 31.8 mg/kg for the S and R lines, respectively (P < .05). Sporidesmin caused dose-related liver and kidney lesions in both lines. Selection lines did not differ significantly in the incidence of infarcts of hepatic lobules. However, at 30 and 40 mg/kg SPD doses, severity of this lesion was higher in affected S than in affected R mice. At the higher SPD doses, there also was a greater incidence of hepatic subacute cholangitis in S mice than in R mice. Foci of acute tubular necrosis were found in kidneys of mice receiving 20, 30, or 40 mg/kg SPD, with no protection against these lesions in the R line. Foci of tubular basophilia (indicative of tubular regeneration) were present in all line x dose subgroups, but incidence was not SPD dose-dependent in either line. In summary, divergent selection for weight gain response to ingestion of endophyte-infected fescue seed resulted in a favorable correlated response in survival following exposure to a chemically distinct toxin. It may be possible therefore, to select livestock populations for simultaneous resistance to a variety of toxins.

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“…Some animal species are used in experimental poisoning. Among them, sheep (Driemeier et al 2002) present some advantages over cattle, including lower maintenance costs and easier management (Thompson et al 1983). The use of other experimental models, such as rabbits, brings even more advantages because they are easy to manage and maintain, besides having a lower cost and faster reproductive cycle (Thompson et al 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental poisoning by Brachiaria decumbens in rabbits

et al. 2018

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Animais de Produção/Livestock Diseases RESUMO.-[Intoxicação experimental por Brachiaria decumbens em coelhos.] Brachiaria ssp. são importantes fontes de forragem para ruminantes no Brasil, devido ao fácil cultivo, boa resistência a seca, boa adaptação a diferentes solos e baixo custo de manutenção. Entretanto, a ingestão desta gramínea está relacionada a surtos de fotossensibilização, em bovinos e ovinos, principalmente, ocasionando prejuízos econômicos significativos. Os efeitos hepatotóxicos relacionados à ingestão da gramínea são a formação de cristais e macrófagos espumosos causados pelo acúmulo de metabólitos tóxicos. A utilização de bovinos e ovinos em experimentos envolvendo a planta apresenta vários empecilhos, tanto no âmbito ético, econômico e no manejo dos animais. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a sensibilidade de coelhos como modelo experimental para intoxicação por B. decumbens. No presente estudo foram realizados dois experimentos. O Experimento ABSTRACT.-Utiumi K.Brachiaria spp.are important sources of forage for ruminants in Brazil, due to the easy cultivation, good resistance to drought, good adaptation to different soils and low maintenance cost. However, the ingestion of this grass has been related to photosensitization outbreaks in cattle and sheep with significant economic losses. The hepatotoxic effects related to the ingestion of grass are the formation of crystals and foamy macrophages due to the accumulation of toxic metabolites. The use of cattle and sheep in experiments involving the plant presents several obstacles in the ethical, economic and animal management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of rabbits as an experimental model for B. decumbens poisoning. Two experiments were carried out. In Experiment 1 four rabbits received the fresh plant in daily doses of 10, 20, 40 and 80g/kg body weight for 120 days. In Experiment 2 three rabbits received the fresh plant in amounts of 500g daily with duration of 210 days. The animals of Experiment 1 showed no clinical signs and no macroscopic and microscopic changes characteristic of B. decumbens poisoning. In Experiment 2 the animals also showed no clinical signs or significant macroscopic alterations. Histological analysis showed isolated foamy macrophages or present in random groups of cells in the liver and mesenteric lymph nodes. Samples of liver and mesenteric lymph nodes of the rabbits of Experiment 2 were submitted to the lectin-histochemistry technique. The WGA, sWGA and RCA lectins showed reactivity in foamy macrophages in both organs. This is the first study of our knowledge that demonstrates histopathological lesions caused expetimentally by Brachiaria spp. in rabbits, demonstrating its potential as an animal model.INDEX TERMS: Experimental model, hepatogenic photosensitization, lectin histochemistry, foamy macrophages, toxicoses.

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Sporidesmin toxicity in rabbits: Biochemical and morphological changes

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Hepatotoxicity of Two Progoitrin-Derived Nitriles in New Zealand White Rabbits

Hepatotoxicity of Two Progoitrin-Derived Nitriles in New Zealand White Rabbits

Sporidesmin-induced mortality and histological lesions in mouse lines divergently selected for response to toxins in endophyte-infected fescue.

Experimental poisoning by Brachiaria decumbens in rabbits

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