Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5th Edition (SCAT5): Normative Reference Values for the National Rugby League Women's Premiership

Iverson, Grant L.; Howell, David R.; Patten, Ryan Van; Bloomfield, Paul; Gardner, Andrew J.

doi:10.3389/fspor.2021.653743

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Although baseline normative data have been published on the SCAT5,7 9–14 reliability data are limited. Test–retest reliability data over 2 weeks on SCAT5 components showed relatively high reliability for symptoms (r s =0.85) and symptom severity (r s =0.84) scores in a sample of 62 Finnish professional ice hockey players.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining Sport Concussion Assessment Tool fifth Edition (SCAT5) reliable change in male professional hockey players

et al. 2022

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ObjectivesThe purpose of this paper is to provide reliable change metrics and assess the test–retest psychometrics of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool fifth Edition (SCAT5) in a multilingual sample of professional ice hockey players.MethodsThe SCAT5 was administered to National Hockey League and American Hockey League male professional ice hockey players as part of the 2018 and 2019 season medical evaluations. We extracted data from an existing clinical database of players who were administered two consecutive baseline evaluations and had no intervening concussions to assess psychometric properties (eg, test–retest reliability) and develop reliable change metrics.ResultsOverall, 1007 players met inclusion criteria. Players were reassessed on average 344.52 (±62.52) days following their first baseline. Test–retest reliability ranged from r=0.3 to r=0.5. Reliable change metrics for Immediate Memory varied considerably dependent on form order. Significant differences were found between English versus non-English language preference on Immediate Memory and Concentration but not Delayed Memory or the modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS). Reliable change indices at the 90% CI were: Symptom Severity (5), Total Symptoms (3), Immediate Memory (3-8), Concentration (2), mBESS (5) and Delayed Memory (2-4).ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of considering form differences and language preference when determining reliable change from baseline on the SCAT5 in male professional hockey players. The relatively modest test–retest reliability of the measures leaves room for improved psychometric properties and increased sensitivity to concussion in future iterations of the SCAT.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining Sport Concussion Assessment Tool fifth Edition (SCAT5) reliable change in male professional hockey players

et al. 2022

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“…Neurocognitive tests often are used to determine baseline performance, track symptoms, and measure symptoms after concussion. 74 Although normative reference values are available for the child-SCAT5 in 11- to 13-year-olds and the SCAT5 in adults, 46,66,71 normative reference values are needed for adolescents, who are in the period of rapid cognitive development. Controlling cognitive stress was found to be vital to post-SRC rehabilitation 91 and the influence of concussion history, which further indicates the important role of neurocognitive tests to assist with adolescent return-to-school and return-to-play decisions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports-Related Concussion Affects Cognitive Function in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Hou

Fei

et al. 2023

Am J Sports Med

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Background: Rates of sports-related concussion (SRC) are high in adolescents. Ambiguity exists regarding the effect of SRC on cognitive function in adolescents. Purpose: To rigorously examine adolescents’ cognitive function after SRC. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed were searched from database inception until September 2021. Studies were included if participants were adolescents aged 13 to 18 years, if the definition of SRC was fully consistent with the Berlin Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport, if the study included a control group or in-group baseline test, and if the study reported cognitive outcomes (eg, visual memory, processing speed) that could be separately extracted. Results: A total of 47 studies were included in the systematic review, of which 31 were included in the meta-analysis, representing 8877 adolescents with SRC. Compared with individuals in the non-SRC group, individuals with SRC had worse performance in cognitive function and reported more symptoms not only in the acute phase but also in the prolonged phase (1-6 months after injury) (visual memory: d = −0.21, 95% CI, −0.37 to −0.05, P = .012; executive function: d = −0.56, 95% CI, −1.07 to −0.06, P = .028; and symptoms: d = 1.17, 95% CI, 0.13 to 2.22, P = .028). Lower scores in most of the outcomes of cognitive function were observed at <3 days and at 3 to 7 days, but higher scores for verbal memory ( d = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.17; P = .008) and processing speed ( d = 0.17; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.24; P < .001) were observed at 7 to 14 days after SRC relative to baseline. The effects of SRC on cognitive function decreased over time (100% of the variance in reaction time, P < .001; 99.94% of the variance in verbal memory, P < .001; 99.88% of the variance in visual memory, P < .001; 39.84% of the variance in symptoms, P = .042) in control group studies. Study design, participant sex, measurement tools, and concussion history were found to be modulators of the relationship between cognitive function and SRC. Conclusion: This study revealed that adolescent cognitive function is impaired by SRC even 1 to 6 months after injury. Results of this study point to the need for tools to measure cognitive function with multiple parallel versions that have demographically diversiform norms in adolescents. Effective prevention of SRC, appropriate treatment, and adequate evaluation of cognitive function before return to play are needed in adolescent SRC management. Moreover, caution is warranted when using the baseline-to-postconcussion paradigm in return-to-play decisions.

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“…Cutoff scores and classi cation ranges for the SCAT5 components for healthy professional Women's Rugby League players at baseline year 1. Percentages (%) of the current sample (n = 63) who scored within each classi cation range based on the previously published norms (n = 117) inIverson et al (2021). Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5th Edition: Normative Reference Values for the National Rugby League Women's Premiership.…”

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confidence: 99%

Interpreting change on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5th Edition (SCAT5) in National Rugby League Women’s players

McLeod,

Terry,

Gardner

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background The SCAT is a multimodal, evidence-based tool designed for repeat administration at baseline, pre-season and/ or for post-injury assessments, following a sport related concussion. Repeat administration of concussion assessment tools requires clinicians to understand the instrument’s stability and test-retest reliability. Typically, clinicians compare post-injury scores with baseline test results in order to determine whether a clinically significant change has occurred. The National Rugby League Women’s (NRLW) Premiership was created in 2018, with a concussion management process requiring annual pre-season baseline medical assessments of players using the Sport Concussion Assessment Concussion Tool-5th Edition (SCAT5). Although baseline normative data has been published for the SCAT5, reliability data is limited in women. The purpose of this study was to examine the one-year test-retest reliability of the SCAT5 component scores, and to develop reliable change indices, for the women’s league. Results Participants were 63 NRLW players (mean age = 26.9, SD = 5.5) from the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 seasons. Team medical staff conducted the baseline SCAT5 assessments each year. Test-retest reliability estimates for each of the SCAT5 components were low to moderate (ICCs = 0.28–0.57). The following change scores, reflecting worsening, occurred in 20% or fewer of the sample: +3 symptom number, + 4 symptom severity, and − 2 on the Standardized Assessment of Concussion total score. A change of + 2 total modified Balance Error Scoring System errors occurred in fewer than 10% of the NRLW players between the test and retest. Conclusion SCAT5 scores had low to moderate test-retest reliability across a one-year period. When evaluating the likelihood that a change in a SCAT5 score is reliable and clinically meaningful it is important for clinicians working with professional women’s rugby league players to consider what a change in score means compared to normative reference values and individual baseline scores. Reliable change cutoff scores could be used to determine the magnitude of change after a suspected concussion.

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Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5th Edition (SCAT5): Normative Reference Values for the National Rugby League Women's Premiership

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Determining Sport Concussion Assessment Tool fifth Edition (SCAT5) reliable change in male professional hockey players

Determining Sport Concussion Assessment Tool fifth Edition (SCAT5) reliable change in male professional hockey players

Sports-Related Concussion Affects Cognitive Function in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Interpreting change on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5th Edition (SCAT5) in National Rugby League Women’s players

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