Sport, megaesemények, önkéntesek és az egyedi élmény faktor Az önkéntesek szerepe az arénaélmény létrehozásában a megasportesemények során

Abstract

A XXI. századra a sport megkerülhetetlenül az élet szerves részévé vált. Olyan kiemelt események iránt, mint az olimpia, világbajnokság vagy Európa-bajnokság egyedi élményvilágán keresztül hatalmas az érdeklődés, és így a nyereség potenciálját is hordozzák. Az egymással is versenyző, állandóan növekvő események lebonyolításában egyre nagyobb szerepük van az eddig kevés figyelmet kapó, ingyenes munkaerőt biztosító lelkes önkénteseknek. Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy explicit és implicit módon megvizsgálja a megaesemények önkénteseinek élmény- és imázsalkotó szerepét, akiknek egyedi feladat- és felelősségköre hozzájárulhat, hogy az egyes turisztikai régiók a jövőben miként lesznek képesek az egyedi élmény ígéretén keresztül versenyelőnyre szert tenni. A szerzők kutatási eredménye azt mutatja, hogy az események frontvonalbeli személyzetével, így az önkénteseivel való interakciók erősen meghatározzák az arénaélményt. Emellett az önkéntesek teljesítménye (megjelenése, lelkesedése, segítőkészsége) elengedhetetlennek bizonyul ahhoz, hogy az események látogatóinak egy egyedi, pozitív élménycsomagot biztosíthassanak a szervezők.

Back to the nature and travelling off the beaten path? – The explicit and implicit examination of ‘new’ destination choices and travel decisions in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic

“…The sample composition was presumably influenced by the requirements of the IAT (Qualtrics) and the online data collection method, having a predominantly young, female population with a university degree. It is worth noting that this finding is aligned with recent observations made in Hungary across different domains using IAT (Fuduric et al, 2022;Griszbacher et al, 2022a;2022b). Nonetheless, the effort can be considered as successful to reach a group of young travellers (Travel impact AVG X =4.24, measured on a 1-5 Likert scale), whose daily habits (i.e., travelling) were heavily influenced by the pandemic.…”

“…The study showcased the applicability of IAT as a non-invasive unconscious technique in addressing present-day tourism challenges, such as COVID-19 and leaning towards nature-based experiences (RQ1-2-3). Consistent with prior IAT research, the findings suggest that despite a weak correlation observed in this instance, implicit and explicit measures are closely aligned and congruent (i.e., indicating a natural preference HUN-RO), making this revolutionary combination more effective (reliable) to measure consumer attitudes and preferences (Fuduric et al, 2022;Griszbacher et al, 2022a;2022b). Consequently, these findings can provide a firm foundation for future discussions; however, it is essential to recognize the limitations of the current study.…”

“…The response times were measured of the participants in the highlighted blocks, from which their preferences could be determined by using the so-called D-score algorithm proposed by Greenwald et al (2003). It is based on the theory that if the image of nature and the pleasant category are strongly connected, the respondents should respond faster if they must give the same answer on these two terms, which position was randomly assigned (then reversed) at each case by Qualtrics to counterbalance any distortion effects may arising from a left/right position (Carpenter et al, 2019;Fuduric et al, 2022;Griszbacher et al, 2022a;2022b).…”

Was the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar a bad omen for the future of football?

“…The various issues surrounding the Qatar tournament have received considerable media coverage, with some tabloid press and other prominent news outlets branding it as a "Qatarstrophe", reflecting the concerns that FIFA's flagship product may be seriously damaged along the way (Scharfenort, 2012). These controversies surrounding the current WC prompt us to question the future of a mega-event where financial aspects may have overshadowed core elements, namely sport and festivity -the celebration of fans and athletes (András, 2003;Griszbacher et al, 2022). Moreover, the uncertain destiny of the newly constructed extensive infrastructure, such as the huge stadiums, in the context of a small nation raises concerns about the long-term legacy -as Azzali (2019:58) poignantly asks, "But what will remain once the 2022 World Cup is over?…”

“…The interrupted 2022/23 club season, coupled with the added burden of international matches under extraordinary circumstances, significantly affects the normal routines of players, even at a top level (Zouhal et al, 2022). As a result, this could easily cast a shadow over their performance, both during the World Cup and outside of the tournament: While there is strong evidence that the quality of matches, determined by the players' performance, is a crucial aspect of the sports experience and, consequently, the success of a sports event (András, 2003;Ko et al, 2011;Horbel et al, 2016, Griszbacher et al, 2022, as far as the author is aware, only the pre-WC "Letter to editor" from Zouhal et al (2022) considers the impact of the unconventional schedule of the 2022 FIFA World Cup on the players performances. Conducting studies in this research area is imperative, given the potential impact of this disruption (Zouhal et al, 2022), as it could potentially result in players underperforming (or even getting injured) at the national level during the tournament and subsequently at the club level after the cup (see Table 1), thereby raising significant concerns about the future programme of the WCs.…”