Sports doping: Racing just to keep up

Callaway, Ewen

doi:10.1038/475283a

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Today, it may be impossible to reach the top in a number of sports without using one or more suitable doping listed drug(s). In a recent Nature article, Don Catlin is cited to claim, ‘Everyone in cycling was doping’ (Callaway, 2011). Although Catlin may have gone too far, reasonable questions to be asked by the public are: ‘How can it be so bad with all the anti‐doping activities and controls taking place?’, and if the situation is as bad as stated by Don Catlin, ‘is it really worth all the efforts and expenses?’…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Nature article (Callaway, 2011), some WADA laboratory‐related persons bring forward the hopes they and WADA have in regard to the ABP. The idea of accepting indirect evidence of doping has been discussed in various circles including WADA for more than a decade and was first formally discussed at a WADA meeting ahead of the Sydney Olympics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The evolving science of detection of ‘blood doping’

Lundby

Robach²,

Saltin

2012

British J Pharmacology

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Blood doping practices in sports have been around for at least half a century and will likely remain for several years to come. The main reason for the various forms of blood doping to be common is that they are easy to perform, and the effects on exercise performance are gigantic. Yet another reason for blood doping to be a popular illicit practice is that detection is difficult. For autologous blood transfusions, for example, no direct test exists, and the direct testing of misuse with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) has proven very difficult despite a test exists. Future blood doping practice will likely include the stabilization of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor which leads to an increased endogenous erythropoietin synthesis. It seems unrealistic to develop specific test against such drugs (and the copies hereof originating from illegal laboratories). In an attempt to detect and limit blood doping, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has launched the Athlete Biological Passport where indirect markers for all types of blood doping are evaluated on an individual level. The approach seemed promising, but a recent publication demonstrates the system to be incapable of detecting even a single subject as 'suspicious' while treated with rhEpo for 10-12 weeks. Sad to say, the hope that the 2012 London Olympics should be cleaner in regard to blood doping seems faint. We propose that WADA strengthens the quality and capacities of the National Anti-Doping Agencies and that they work more efficiently with the international sports federations in an attempt to limit blood doping.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolving science of detection of ‘blood doping’

Lundby

Robach²,

Saltin

2012

British J Pharmacology

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“…Este tipo de debates científicos sobre la represión y control del dopaje o abolición de leyes antidopaje, está marcando el interrogante de si nos encontramos ante el camino correcto para erradicar definitivamente el dopaje (Callaway, 2011). Se abre, así, la puerta a un tercer debate científico (D´Angelo & Tamburrini, 2010;Davison & Brown, 2013;Lentillon-Kaestner, Hagger, & Hardcastle, 2012;Morente-Sánchez & Zabala, 2013) el cual apuesta por las "propuestas de prevención y educación" y filosofía 2.0 (Zabala & Atkinson, 2012).…”

Section: Medidas Disuasorias Ante El Dopajeunclassified

Millennials in Spanish 2.0 cycling: A new proposal against doping

Rodríguez¹

2015

CCD

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ResumenMillennials o Generación Y es la generación de personas nacidas entre los años 1982 y 2002 y que subsigue a la Generación X (personas nacidas entre 1960 y 1981). En el deporte, y específicamente en el ciclismo, los Millennials promocionan la filosofía 2.0. Una filosofía que caracteriza al ciclista 2.0 como un atleta que respeta por convicción el Código Mundial de Dopaje. En este estudio han participado 34 ciclistas españoles federados, correspondientes a la Generación Y, (16 varones y 18 féminas; 19 ± 6,55 años). Mediante un diseño de trabajo cualitativo, utilizando como instrumento metodológico la entrevista, se ofrece un análisis descriptivo de 8 categorías sobre las características del ciclista español 2.0. Diferentes marcos sociológicos han permitido codificar y filtrar las transcripciones. Para realizar una profundización del tema, se utilizaron los programas Word y Excel 2007 y el programa estadístico QSR NVivo 10 para Windows. El análisis descriptivo de las 8 categorías muestra un ciclista 2.0 predispuesto a un ciclismo limpio. A pesar de esta aseveración, se sigue detectando un importante desequilibrio entre las medidas disuasorias aplicadas ante el dopaje. Este desequilibrio, ya detectado en las generaciones precedentes a la Generación Y, hace que el problema del dopaje y sus escándalos sean temas de actualidad sin encontrarse aún una solución definitiva.Palabras clave: código mundial antidopaje, generación Y, represión, prevención, medidas disuasorias. AbstractMillennials or Generation Y is the generation related to people who were born between 1982 and 2002 and it replaces Generation X (people who were born between 1960 and 1981). In sport, and specifically in cycling, Millennials promote "Philosophy 2.0". This philosophy applies "Cyclist 2.0" as an athlete who respects with conviction the Word Anti-Doping Code. Related to the object of this study, 34 Spanish cyclists Generation Y, (16 male and 18 female; 19 ± 6,55 years) took part in this study. Semi structured interviews were conducted. A cycling doping analysis was carried out using 8 different categories that provided information about Spanish "Cyclist 2.0". To achieve this, different social frames were used in order to analyse and code the transcriptions. The analysis used Word and Excel 2007 and QSR NVivo 10 for Windows. The descriptive analysis of the 8 categories showed that "Cyclist 2.0" was prone to be in a new and clean cycling regime. However, there was an imbalance among doping deterrents. This imbalance was detected in previous generations to Generation Y. This fact makes doping, and its scandals, breaking news and they haven´t reached a final solution yet.

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“…Limitations were reported concerning the sensitivity of the ABP analytical approach in case of EPO microdosing, where a 12‐week intravenous EPO injection intervention remained undetected in ten subjects . The necessity to improve the current approaches was stressed (particularly in light of the required logistics and costs concerning the ABP) and anecdotal evidence that athletes might have adapted to the ‘new situation’ was presented . In contrast to this example, the utility of the ABP was proven in a comprehensive study with autologous blood transfusion and simulated 42‐week cycling season, where 10 individuals were included as non‐doped and 11 individuals as doped persons .…”

Section: Peptide Hormones Growth Factors and Related Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[58] The necessity to improve the current approaches was stressed (particularly in light of the required logistics and costs concerning the ABP) and anecdotal evidence that athletes might have adapted to the 'new situation' was presented. [52] In contrast to this example, the utility of the ABP was proven in a comprehensive study with autologous blood transfusion and simulated 42-week cycling season, where 10 individuals were included as non-doped and 11 individuals as doped persons. [59] No false-positive test result was generated and a sensitivity of 82% was accomplished when all determined parameters of the ABP were taken into consideration.…”

Section: Erythropoiesis-stimulating Agents (Esas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual banned‐substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing

Thevis

Kuuranne

Geyer

et al. 2012

Drug Testing and Analysis

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a International anti-doping efforts are harmonized and regulated under the umbrella of the World Anti-Doping Code and the corresponding Prohibited List, issued annually by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). The necessity for a frequent and timely update of the Prohibited List (as the result of a comprehensive consultation process and subsequent consensual agreement by expert panels regarding substances and methods of performance manipulation in sports) is due to the constantly growing market of emerging therapeutics and thus new options for cheating athletes to illicitly enhance performance. In addition, 'tailor-made' substances arguably designed to undermine sports drug testing procedures are considered and the potential of established drugs to represent a doping substance is revisited in light of recently generated information. The purpose of the annual banned substance review is to support doping controls by reporting emerging and advancing methods dedicated to the detection of known and recently outlawed substances. This review surveys new and/or enhanced procedures and techniques of doping analysis together with information relevant to doping controls that has been published in the literature between October

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Sports doping: Racing just to keep up

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

The evolving science of detection of ‘blood doping’

The evolving science of detection of ‘blood doping’

Millennials in Spanish 2.0 cycling: A new proposal against doping

Annual banned‐substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing

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