Sports injuries and illnesses in the 2009 FINA World Championships (Aquatics)

Mountjoy, Margo; Junge, Astrid; Alonso, Juan Manuel; Engebretsen, Lars; Drăgan, I; Gerrard, David; Kouidri, Mohamed; Luebs, Eide; Shahpar, Farhad Moradi; Dvořák, Jiří

doi:10.1136/bjsm.2010.071720

Cited by 163 publications

(230 citation statements)

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“…About half (50%) of these illnesses affected the respiratory system, and 20% affected the gastrointestinal system. Infection was the leading cause (49%), followed by environmental factors (28%; Mountjoy et al, 2010).…”

Section: Injury and Illness Prevalence In The Aquatic Disciplinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other disciplines of FINA, including swimming, diving, marathon swimming, and synchronized swimming, were added to the surveillance program in the 2008 Olympic Games (Junge et al, 2009). FINA conducted its first injury surveillance at the 2009 FINA World Championships (Mountjoy et al, 2010). Illnesses were also compared between aquatics and other Olympic sports at the 2012 Olympic Games (Engebretsen et al, 2013).…”

Section: Injury and Illness Prevalence In The Aquatic Disciplinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrition, Illness, and Injury in Aquatic Sports

Pyne¹,

Verhagen²,

Mountjoy³

2014

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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In this review, we outline key principles for prevention of injury and illness in aquatic sports, detail the epidemiology of injury and illness in aquatic athletes at major international competitions and in training, and examine the relevant scientific evidence on nutrients for reducing the risk of illness and injury. Aquatic athletes are encouraged to consume a well-planned diet with sufficient calories, macronutrients (particularly carbohydrate and protein), and micronutrients (particularly iron, zinc, and vitamins A, D, E, B6, and B12) to maintain health and performance. Ingesting carbohydrate via sports drinks, gels, or sports foods during prolonged training sessions is beneficial in maintaining energy availability. Studies of foods or supplements containing plant polyphenols and selected strains of probiotic species are promising, but further research is required. In terms of injury, intake of vitamin D, protein, and total caloric intake, in combination with treatment and resistance training, promotes recovery back to full health and training. Keywords: epidemiology, nutrition, swimming, infection, supplements, ergogenic aidsAquatic coaches are obliged to use physically challenging training programs to prepare their athletes for high-level competitions. However, a high level of exposure to training (and competition) can increase the risk of illness or injury, limiting improvements in performance. Sports science and sports medicine practitioners who work with swimmers (and swimming coaches) are seeking effective evidence-based interventions and strategies to reduce the risk of injury and illness compromising training and competitive performance. Although the importance of illness and injuries and their impact on performance is better understood nowadays by both researchers and practitioners, there remains a lack of quality information, particularly related to the importance of nutrition and dietary practices.Nutrient intake during everyday eating and around swimming training and competition is a key factor influencing immune function and risk of injury. Other factors related to illness include the volume, intensity, and load of exercise training; degree of exposure to pathogens; underlying health and medical status of individual athletes; lifestyle behaviors, including sleep and recovery; and psychosocial issues related to training and competition. Given the lack of specific research studies on highly trained swimmers, it is necessary to look more broadly at general nutrition, sports nutrition, and studies of athletes in other sports. A Medline search (November 2013) using nutrition as a search term yielded 325 hits for swimming, but only seven for water polo, six for long-distance swimming, five for diving, and two for synchronized swimming.Although the benefits of avoiding illness and injury appear obvious, only one study has directly quantified the effect of illness on international swimming performance. A study of performances of Australian swimmers showed that mild illness had only a trivial mean effect...

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Section: Injury and Illness Prevalence In The Aquatic Disciplinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Injury and Illness Prevalence In The Aquatic Disciplinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition, Illness, and Injury in Aquatic Sports

Pyne¹,

Verhagen²,

Mountjoy³

2014

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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“…1 2 Although surveillance systems have successfully been implemented in major international sporting events [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and a reduction in injury incidence following implementation of injury prevention strategies was demonstrated, 11 12 continuous health monitoring of athletes in out-of-competition phases is rare. 2 13-15 Several studies have shown that much higher injury rates are reported when athletes are continuously monitored than when they are evaluated retrospectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

German Translation and Content Validation of the Ostrc Questionnaire on Overuse Injuries and Health Problems

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe importance of a standardised injury and illness surveillance system in elite sports has recently often been highlighted. The OSTRC Questionnaire on Health Problems was developed and validated at the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre in Norway and showed very good validity.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems into the German context.DesignA slightly modified back-translation method was used to translate the questionnaire. Validation was done in 24 high-level Paralympic athletes followed over 20 consecutive weeks.SettingWeb-based weekly distribution of the translated OSTRC questionnaire for 20 weeks.Patients (or Participants)24 athletes of the German National Cycling Team.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)None.Main Outcome Measurementsinternal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha) test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient), weekly response rate, lost training-days, Incidence of illness or injury.ResultsThe translated version of the questionnaire showed a very high internal consistency and good test-retest reliability (Cronbach's Alpha 0.92, ICC 0.91). Additionally, we observed high acceptance and compliance from our cohort of athletes, whose mean weekly response rate was 91.5%. Overall, 114 training-days were lost because of illness or injury within the 20 weeks. On average, five athletes per week (20.8%) reported health problems.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the translated German version of the OSTRC Questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool with high internal consistency for the medical monitoring of German athletes. The OSTRC-G now offers the opportunity for a continued surveillance of high-level German athletes.

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“…The prevalence of overuse injuries in athletes with disability has been described in previous studies 6,8,9 but not in relation to specific sports. Mountjoy et al 22 also described a frequency of 35% overuse injuries when evaluating sports injuries in 5 aquatic sports. It is estimated that an able-bodied collegiate swimmer performs an average of more than 1 million strokes per arm per year 23 ; however, training loads among Paralympic swimmers are unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sport Injuries in Elite Paralympic Swimmers With Visual Impairment

Silva

Bilzon

Duarte

et al. 2013

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Visually impaired athletes sustain overuse injuries in the lower limbs, but the pattern of injuries may vary according to the sport. The characteristics of sports injuries in visually impaired swimmers are unknown.Objective: To determine the characteristics and epidemiologic measures (prevalence, clinical incidence, and incidence rate) of sports injuries in visually impaired elite national swimmers and to assess differences among visual classes and between sexes.Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-eight elite, visually impaired swimmers (19 males, 9 females) from the Brazilian Paralympic Team participated in this study. Twelve were visual class S11 (blind swimmers), 12 were S12 (low-vision swimmers), and 4 were S13 (low-vision swimmers).Intervention(s): A standardized report form was used to collect data during 5 competitions. This was endorsed by 2 Brazilian sports governing bodies.Main Outcome Measures: The characteristics, prevalence, clinical incidence, and incidence rate of injuries were calculated.Results: Eighteen athletes reported 41 sports injuries, with a prevalence of 64%, clinical incidence of 1.5 injuries per athlete, and an incidence rate of 0.3 injuries per athlete per competition. Overuse injuries (80%) were more frequent than traumatic injuries (20%). The clinical incidence and prevalence varied according to sex and visual class, but no statistical differences were observed (P . .05). The highest proportion of injuries was in the trunk (46.34%), followed by the upper limbs (34.15%). The shoulders (29.27%) were most affected, followed by the thoracic (21.95%) and lumbar spine (17.07%). Spasm (36.59%) was the most frequent diagnosis, followed by tendinopathy (26.83%).Conclusions: Visually impaired swimmers had a relatively high proportion of overuse injuries, predominantly associated with muscle spasm in the spine and tendinopathy in the shoulders. No differences were apparent in injury prevalence and clinical incidence among visual classes or between sexes.Key Words: epidemiology, disability sport, musculoskeletal injuries Key PointsVisually impaired swimmers experienced a relatively high proportion of overuse injuries during competition. Injuries were predominantly associated with muscle spasm in the spine and tendinopathy in the shoulders. No differences were observed in injury prevalence or clinical incidence among visual classes or between sexes.

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Sports injuries and illnesses in the 2009 FINA World Championships (Aquatics)

Abstract: Dette er siste tekst-versjon av artikkelen, og den kan inneholde ubetydelige forskjeller fra forlagets pdf-versjon. Forlagets pdf-versjon finner du på bjsm.bmj.com: http://dx

Cited by 163 publications

References 39 publications

Nutrition, Illness, and Injury in Aquatic Sports

Nutrition, Illness, and Injury in Aquatic Sports

German Translation and Content Validation of the Ostrc Questionnaire on Overuse Injuries and Health Problems

Sport Injuries in Elite Paralympic Swimmers With Visual Impairment

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