Sports participation in individuals with spinal cord injury

Foreman, Peter; Cull, John G.; Kirkby, Robert J.

doi:10.1097/00004356-199706000-00005

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…The di erence of these ®ndings was considered to be associated with the psychological instruments used. In the study of Foreman et al, 17 the degree of depression was assessed using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), unlike the present study which used SDS, STAI and POMS. As far as we know, no study using the CES-D test has demonstrated a positive e ect of physical activity on depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…17 ± 19 Jacobs et al 18 and Paulsen et al 19 reported better psychological pro®les in wheelchair athletes compared with non-athletes. However, Foreman et al 17 failed to show any signi®cant di erence of psychological measurements between sports participants and nonparticipants with spinal cord injury. Thus, there has been a notable discrepancy of psychological bene®ts among previous studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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The effect of frequency and mode of sports activity on the psychological status in tetraplegics and paraplegics

et al. 2000

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Objective: To examine whether the psychological bene®ts of sports activity di er between tetraplegics and paraplegics with spinal cord injury, and investigate the e ect of frequency and modes of sports activity on the psychological bene®ts. Methods: The Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Pro®les of Mood States (POMS) were administered to 169 male individuals with spinal cord injury (mean age=42.7 years) including 53 tetraplegics and 116 paraplegics. The subjects were divided into four groups according to their frequencies of sports activity; High-active (more than three times a week; n=32), Middle-active (once or twice a week, n=41), Low-active (once to three times a month, n=32), and Inactive (no sports participation, n=64). Results: Analysis of variance revealed signi®cant di erences in depression for SDS, trait anxiety for STAI and depression and vigor for POMS among the groups. High-active group showed the lowest scores of depression and trait anxiety and the highest score of vigor among the four groups. In contrast, no signi®cant di erence was found for any psychological measurements between tetraplegics and paraplegics. In addition, there was no signi®cant di erence for any psychological measurements among modes (wheelchair basketball, wheelchair racing, wheelchair tennis and minor modes). Conclusions: These ®ndings demonstrated that sports activity can improve the psychological status, irrespective of tetraplegics and paraplegics, and that the psychological bene®ts are emphasized by sports activity at high frequency. Spinal Cord (2000) 38, 309 ± 314

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The effect of frequency and mode of sports activity on the psychological status in tetraplegics and paraplegics

et al. 2000

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“…Curtis et al 25 studied the relationship between sports involvement and vocational status in SCI persons and found that there was a greater involvement in work/educational activities in the athletic group. In contrast, Foreman et al 27 showed that although more participants in sport were currently employed and studying than were non participants, the di erence was not signi®cant. Noreau 18 found a positive relationship between physical ®tness and gainful employment in persons with paraplegia.…”

Section: Employmentmentioning

confidence: 90%

Sports, recreation and employment following spinal cord injury–a pilot study

et al. 2000

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Study design: A pilot postal survey. Objective: To examine the levels of sporting/recreational activities, education and employment in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to assess if involvement in sport and recreation is associated with higher levels of education and employment. Setting: National Spinal Injuries Centre (NSIC), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK. Methods: Forty-®ve subjects, who met the following criteria: SCI at level C5 or below, wheelchair dependent, aged between 18 and 50 at the time of injury, injured at least 10 years ago, admitted to the NSIC within 6 months of injury and resident in the UK, completed a 26-item postal questionnaire. Results: Among the 45 subjects 47% participated in physical activities (20% in sport; 27% in recreation), 33% were employed (29% full-time) and 18.5% had undergone further education at the time of the survey. Participation in sports as well as employment status decreased after injury (P50.01) usually as a result of poor access to sports and work facilities. Only 4% of investigated SCI patients started to practise physical activity after the accident whilst 42% stopped. Conclusions: Levels of sporting/recreational activities and employment decreased signi®cantly after injury. No signi®cant correlation was found between sport/recreation involvement and education/employment status. Further investigation with a large number of participants that will enable additional analysis of subgroups, such as level of injury and functional independence, is required.

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“…8 In contrast, relatively little research has examined PA and SWB among people living with SCI. Furthermore, of the few SCI studies that have been conducted, some have shown large, statistically significant positive associations between PA and SWB, for example Hicks et al 9 and Ditor et al, 10 whereas others have shown much smaller and even nonsignificant associations, for example Foreman et al 11 and Tasiemski et al 12 These inconsistent findings likely reflect key methodological differences across studies. For instance, the conceptual definitions and measures of SWB have varied from one study to the next.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and subjective well-being among people with spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis

et al. 2009

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Study design: Meta-analysis of cross-sectional, quasi-experimental and experimental studies. Objective: To determine if there is an association between physical activity (PA) and subjective wellbeing (SWB) among people living with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: Literature searches were conducted using multiple databases (Embase, CINAHL, Medline, PsychINFO and SPORTDiscus) to identify studies involving people with SCI that included a measure of PA and at least one measure of SWB (for example, symptoms of depression, life satisfaction, mood). Relevant data were extracted from the studies and subjected to meta-analysis. Results: A total of 21 studies were retrieved yielding 78 effect sizes and a total sample size of 2354. Overall, there were statistically significant, small-to medium-sized effects for the relationships between PA and SWB (broadly defined), PA and depressive symptoms, and PA and life satisfaction. Studies using experimental and quasi-experimental designs yielded larger effects for SWB (broadly defined) and life satisfaction, than studies using nonexperimental study designs. Conclusions: There is a small-to medium-sized positive relationship between PA and SWB among people with SCI that holds across a wide range of measures and operational definitions of these constructs.

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Sports participation in individuals with spinal cord injury

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of frequency and mode of sports activity on the psychological status in tetraplegics and paraplegics

The effect of frequency and mode of sports activity on the psychological status in tetraplegics and paraplegics

Sports, recreation and employment following spinal cord injury–a pilot study

Physical activity and subjective well-being among people with spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis

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