Sporulation and Heat Resistance of Spores from a Clostridium sp. RKD

Abstract

Further reproduction without permission is prohibited M: Food Microbiology & Safety JFS M: Food Microbiology and Safety ulation, which could be ulation, which could be ulation, which could be ulation, which could be purified to near homogeneity by a simple 2-step procedure. Thermal resistance of spores revealed a biphasic purified to near homogeneity by a simple 2-step procedure. Thermal resistance of spores revealed a biphasic purified to near homogeneity by a simple 2-step procedure. Thermal resistance of spores revealed a biphasic purified to near homogeneity by a simple 2-step procedure. Thermal resistance of spores revealed a biphasic purified to near homogeneity by a simple 2-step procedure. Thermal resistance of spores revealed a biphasic inactivation at lower temperatures with D values for linear inactivation varying from 26.6, 8.0, and 4.3 min at inactivation at lower temperatures with D values for linear inactivation varying from 26.6, 8.0, and 4.3 min at inactivation at lower temperatures with D values for linear inactivation varying from 26.6, 8.0, and 4.3 min at inactivation at lower temperatures with D values for linear inactivation varying from 26.6, 8.0, and 4.3 min at inactivation at lower temperatures with D values for linear inactivation varying from 26.6, 8.0, and 4.3 min at 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C, r 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C, r 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C, r 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C, r 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C, respectiv espectiv espectiv espectiv espectively ely ely ely ely. . . . . The z v The z v

Is anaerobic digestion a reliable barrier for deactivation of pathogens in biosludge?

“…Furthermore, some spore-forming pathogens e.g. Clostridium and Bacillus species with high resistance to acute stresses can survive after mesophilic or even thermophilic anaerobic digestion, therefore creating a hygienic problem when biosolid is spread (Dixit et al, 2005;Guzmán et al, 2007;Lloret et al, 2013). For example, biosolids produced from thermophilic AD could not meet the requirements by Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council for spreading of sludge on land due to the presence of C. perfringens spores (e.g.…”

Thermic dehorning and ear tagging as atypical portals of entry of Clostridium tetani in ruminants

“…Because the toxin is slowly transported retrograde from the peripheral nerves to the central nervous system, incubation periods of 3 to 18 days are described (Driemeier et al, 2006;Linnenbrink et al, 2006). C. tetani produces very resistant spores that can survive boiling temperatures for several minutes (Dixit et al, 2005;Linnenbrink et al, 2006). In order to desporulate to a vegetative form, the spores need an environment with low oxygen tension, typically generated under the crust of penetrating wounds (Linnenbrink et al, 2006).…”

“…The temperature reached on the iron is kept for several minutes and is probably lethal to spores. Therefore, it is unlikely that the iron itself serves as a vector for C. tetani (Dixit et al, 2005). Environmental contamination of the dehorning wound with faecal material and dirt from the stable environment seems a more likely infection route (Driemeier et al, 2006;Linnenbrink et al, 2006).…”

Genetic Diversity Among Toxigenic Clostridia Isolated From Soil, Water, Meat and Associated Polluted Sites in South India

“…The culture broth and reagents were prepared by pre-reduced anaerobically sterilized technique (PRAS) technique. [5] The pre-treated soil and meat samples and untreated water samples of about 0.5 ml from each dilution were inoculated into 30 ml of pre-reduced thioglycolate broth. The bottles were labeled and incubated at 35ºC for up to 10 days.…”

“…Oligonucleotide primers, selected and designed from the published DNA sequence of the BoNT gene, four new primer pairs with each being speciÞ c for C. botulinum strains were used. The primers were selected from the unique regions of each of the BoNT types A, B, and E gene and the thermal conditions was used as described by Dixit et al [5] 16S ribosomal DNA ampliÞ cation For conÞ rmation of strain, ampliÞ cation of 16S ribosomal DNA was performed with C. botulinum. The universal forward and reverse primers used were 5'-AGAGTTTGATCATGGCTCAG-3' and 5'-GTGTGACGG-GCGGTGTGTAC-3' respectively.…”