Spot blotch disease of wheat: the current status of research on genetics and breeding

Abstract

The spot blotch disease of wheat is caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, which is an anamorph (teleomorph Cochliobolus sativus). The disease mainly occurs in warm, humid wheat-growing regions, and the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) of South Asia is a hotspot. Significant progress has been made in recent years in characterizing the host-pathogen interaction. The study of the pathogen's life cycle and diversity have been an active area of research. A number of resistance sources have also been identified, characterized and used for breeding. Although immunity has not been observed in any genotype, cultivars displaying a relatively high level of resistance have been developed and made available to farmers. Further progress will require regular use of marker-assisted breeding, genomic selection, gene editing and transgenic interventions. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about genetic and breeding efforts on the wheat-B. sorokiniana pathosystem and discusses ways in which emerging tools can be used for future research to understand the mechanism involved in infection and for developing cultivars exhibiting a high level of resistance.

Association of Lr 34 gene complex with spot blotch disease resistance at molecular level in wheat (T. aestivum L.)

“…Since the map based cloning of Lr34 gene region revealed presence of multiple genes in a gene complex (Lr34, Yr18, Pm38 and Ltn) on chromosome 7D (Bossolini et al 2006;Krattinger et al 2009;Lagudah et al 2009), the second possibility seems to be very rare. The former possibility is also supported by the QLTs mapping on different chromosomes (Gupta et al 2018).…”

“…The rapid evolution in the pathogen population and change in the environmental conditions are important reasons. On the other hand, spot blotch is one of the prominent diseases, causing significant yield loss in warmer and humid regions of the world such as Eastern India, Bangladesh, the Terai of Nepal, Latin America, China and Africa (Gupta et al 2018). It affects nearly 9 mha area of the North-Eastern Plains Zone (NEPZ) of India (Joshi et al 2007).…”

“…Saari (1998) reported up to 16% yield loss in Nepal and 15% in Bangladesh, while Mehta (1994) reported up to 100% yield loss in Latin America under the most severe conditions. Several markers and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for spot blotch resistance have been mapped in wheat (Gupta et al 2018). Recently, Kumar et al (2015a, b) dissected a QTL on chromosome 5B into a single Mendelian gene (Sb2) using Yangmai#6 as the source of resistance.…”

Lipopéptidos producidos por agentes de control biológico del género Bacillus: revisión de herramientas analíticas utilizadas para su estudio

“…Recibido: enero de 2020 Aceptado: febrero de 2020 Para el año 2050 se pronostica que el sector agrícola necesitará incrementar su productividad entre 70 y 100%, con el fin de satisfacer la demanda de alimentos de la población humana, la cual ascenderá a ~10 mil millones de personas (FAO, 2017). Sin embargo, una de las principales limitantes para el aumento de la producción agrícola es la incidencia de enfermedades en los cultivos provocadas por fito-patógenos, causando una disminución del rendimiento promedio de un 15-25% (Villa-Rodríguez et al, 2016;Gupta et al, 2018;Parra-Cota et al, 2018;Díaz-Rodríguez et al, 2019).…”

Evaluation of Barley Genotypes against Spot Blotch Disease in Inner Tarai Region of Nepal

“…ex Dastur), is a serious fungal disease with wide geographical distribution. This fungus is also the causal agent of common root rot and black point of wheat and barley (Gupta et al 2017, Wiese 1987. Spot blotch is a seed borne fungal disease, mostly found under warm wet conditions mainly in the Tarai and inner Tarai region.…”