Spot-checks to measure general hygiene practice

Sonego, Ina Lucia; Mosler, Hans‐Joachim

doi:10.1080/09603123.2016.1217314

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…They reflected child's general condition and living environment, comprising data on health and hygiene along with information on caregivers' and households' resources. These including the household hunger score (Ballard, Coates, Swindale, & Deitchler, ), the MDD for women (Nguyen et al, ; WDDP Study Group, ), and hygiene assessment from spot checks (Ruel & Arimond, ; Sonego & Mosler, ). Details on these variables and indicators are given in Figure .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Households with a score of 0-2 were classified as experiencing no to moderate hunger; those with a score of 3-6 were considered as suffering from severe hunger. 2 Hygiene: Household's environmental hygiene was assessed using spot-check observational method (Ruel & Arimond, 2002;Sonego & Mosler, 2016). The investigators notably checked the household's courtyard condition taking notice of waste and animal feces.…”

Section: Outcome Variables;mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dissimilarities across age groups in the associations between complementary feeding practices and child growth: Evidence from rural Togo

Briaux

Fortin

Kameli

et al. 2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Adequate complementary feeding (CF) practices are essential for achieving optimal growth but challenging to measure comprehensively. This paper describes CF practices in 2,034 children aged 6–23 months and investigates their relationships with length‐for‐age z‐score (LAZ) and stunting, using cross‐sectional data collected from May to July 2014 in rural Northern Togo. The World Health Organization infant and young child feeding indicators were computed, along with ancillary indicators on feeding style and timing of introduction of complementary foods. The associations between those indicators and children's LAZ and stunting were assessed using linear and logistic regressions after stratification by age group and adjustment for children, maternal, and household characteristics. CF practices were suboptimal, and their associations with child's growth varied across indicators and age groups. In children aged 6–11 months, reaching the minimum dietary diversity and the minimum acceptable diet was associated with higher LAZ (p < .05). In 18‐ to 23‐month‐old children, only the consumption of iron‐rich food was associated with both LAZ (p = .02) and stunting (p = .05). The late introduction of family foods was associated with higher odds of being stunted and lower LAZ in children aged 12–17 months (p < .001). The untimely introduction of porridge was associated with higher odds of stunting in children aged 9–23 months (p < .05). Unexpectedly, helping the child to eat was negatively associated with linear growth in all age groups. These findings nurture the ongoing process of review of the World Health Organization infant and young child feeding indicators showing that, in their current version, they hardly capture the links between CF and child's growth at different ages.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Outcome Variables;mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissimilarities across age groups in the associations between complementary feeding practices and child growth: Evidence from rural Togo

Briaux

Fortin

Kameli

et al. 2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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“…Since there is no "standard" SI available for measuring general household hygiene conditions, the variables that are measured can be inspired by previous studies or available and relevant SI forms. There are some studies on household hygiene conditions that can inspire the questions used to measure household hygiene conditions, e.g., by [12,13]. Questions or variables from the SI form for household drinking water can also be used since they measure hygiene practices related to drinking water; see, for example, the studies of [5,11,14].…”

Section: Of 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An article by Sonego and Mosler [12] indicated data collection approaches to study hygiene practice: self-reports, structured observations, and spot-checks. Moreover, Kelly et al [9] also suggest complementing SI with water quality analysis, especially in the context of water safety.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextual Determinants of General Household Hygiene Conditions in Rural Indonesia

Daniel

2021

IJERPH

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Household hygiene is critical to prevent pathogen transmission at the household level. Assessing household hygiene conditions and their determinants are needed to improve hygiene conditions, especially in rural and less developed areas where the housing conditions are relatively worse than they are in urban areas. This study used data from 278 household interviews and observations in rural areas in the district of East Sumba, province East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using statistical methods. In general, the household hygiene conditions in the study need to be improved. The main potential sources of pathogen transmission were from the surrounding environment, i.e., non-permanent floor and garbage, and personal hygiene, i.e., handwashing facilities with water and soap were only observed in the homes of four out of ten respondents. The presence of livestock roaming freely in the house’s yard was another source of contamination. Easy access to water and wealth significantly influenced the hygiene conditions. Implementing low-cost interventions, i.e., cleaning the house of garbage and animal feces and cleaning nails, should be the priority in immediate intervention, while providing easier access to water supply, especially during the dry season, could be a long-term intervention. This paper also argues that analyzing household hygiene conditions or practices should be complemented by analyzing contextual determinants of the hygiene conditions or practices, so that we can develop more precise intervention by considering the local or household context.

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“…when available and calculated the proportion of children with low birth weight (LBW) (BW < 2,500 g). The hygiene of individuals and their houses was assessed using spot-check observations [33,34]. In this approach, a list of predetermined conditions (e.g., cleanliness of hands) is observed during a home visit.…”

Section: Plos Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an unconditional cash transfer program targeting children’s first-1,000–days linear growth in rural Togo: A cluster-randomized controlled trial

et al. 2020

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Background In 2014, the government of Togo implemented a pilot unconditional cash transfer (UCT) program in rural villages that aimed at improving children’s nutrition, health, and protection. It combined monthly UCTs (approximately US$8.40 /month) with a package of community activities (including behavior change communication [BCC] sessions, home visits, and integrated community case management of childhood illnesses and acute malnutrition [ICCM-Nut]) delivered to mother–child pairs during the first “1,000 days” of life. We primarily investigated program impact at population level on children’s height-for-age z-scores (HAZs) and secondarily on stunting (HAZ < −2) and intermediary outcomes including household’s food insecurity, mother–child pairs’ diet and health, delivery in a health facility and low birth weight (LBW), women’s knowledge, and physical intimate partner violence (IPV). Methods and findings We implemented a parallel-cluster–randomized controlled trial, in which 162 villages were randomized into either an intervention arm (UCTs + package of community activities, n = 82) or a control arm (package of community activities only, n = 80). Two different representative samples of children aged 6–29 months and their mothers were surveyed in each arm, one before the intervention in 2014 (control: n = 1,301, intervention: n = 1,357), the other 2 years afterwards in 2016 (control: n = 996, intervention: n = 1,035). Difference-in-differences (DD) estimates of impact were calculated, adjusting for clustering. Children’s average age was 17.4 (± 0.24 SE) months in the control arm and 17.6 (± 0.19 SE) months in the intervention arm at baseline. UCTs had a protective effect on HAZ (DD = +0.25 z-scores, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01–0.50, p = 0.039), which deteriorated in the control arm while remaining stable in the intervention arm, but had no impact on stunting (DD = −6.2 percentage points [pp], relative odds ratio [ROR]: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.51–1.06, p = 0.097). UCTs positively impacted both mothers’ and children’s (18–23 months) consumption of animal source foods (ASFs) (respectively, DD = +4.5 pp, ROR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.09–4.61, p = 0.029 and DD = +9.1 pp, ROR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.01–6.98, p = 0.048) and household food insecurity (DD = −10.7 pp, ROR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43–0.91, p = 0.016). UCTs did not impact on reported child morbidity 2 week’s prior to report (DD = −3.5 pp, ROR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.56–1.14, p = 0.214) but reduced the financial barrier to seeking healthcare for sick children (DD = −26.4 pp, ROR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.08–0.66, p = 0.006). Women who received cash had higher odds of delivering in a health facility (DD = +10.6 pp, ROR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.10–2.13, p = 0.012) and lower odds of giving birth to babies with birth weights (BWs) <2,500 g (DD = −11.8, ROR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.10–0.82, p = 0.020). Positive effects were also found on women’s knowledge (DD = +14.8, ROR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.32–2.62, p < 0.001) and physical IPV (DD = −7.9 pp, ROR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.36–0.99, p = 0.048). Study limitations included the short evaluation period (24 months) and the low coverage of UCTs, which might have reduced the program’s impact. Conclusions UCTs targeting the first “1,000 days” had a protective effect on child’s linear growth in rural areas of Togo. Their simultaneous positive effects on various immediate, underlying, and basic causes of malnutrition certainly contributed to this ultimate impact. The positive impacts observed on pregnancy- and birth-related outcomes call for further attention to the conception period in nutrition-sensitive programs. Trial registration ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN83330970.

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Spot-checks to measure general hygiene practice

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Dissimilarities across age groups in the associations between complementary feeding practices and child growth: Evidence from rural Togo

Dissimilarities across age groups in the associations between complementary feeding practices and child growth: Evidence from rural Togo

Contextual Determinants of General Household Hygiene Conditions in Rural Indonesia

Evaluation of an unconditional cash transfer program targeting children’s first-1,000–days linear growth in rural Togo: A cluster-randomized controlled trial

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