Sprat Sprattus sprattus can exploit low oxygen waters for overwintering

Kaartvedt, Stein; Røstad, Anders; Klevjer, Thor A.

doi:10.3354/meps08196

Cited by 33 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This is in agreement with previous studies on sprat from the North Sea (De Silva 1973;Last 1987), Oslofjorden (Brun 2007;Kaartvedt et al 2009) and the Baltic (Coombs et al 1992;Rudstam et al 1992Rudstam et al , 1994Arrhenius 1996;Casini et al 2004;Mö llmann et al 2004;Bernreuther 2007). Similar to studies from the North Sea, fjord sprat had a diverse diet including copepods, cladocerans, appendicularians, eggs and meroplanktonic larvae.…”

Section: Diet Compositionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…In the North Sea, sprat !9 cm ceased feeding from July to February, while small individuals continued to feed through the winter (Last 1987;De Silva 1973;Szypula et al 1997;Casini et al 2004). These observations suggest that small sprat need more energy to survive and prioritize feeding during winter, while for large-sized sprat predator avoidance is the key issue, with reduced focus on feeding activity (Kaartvedt et al 2009). Temperature is known to have a pronounced influence on the stomach evacuation of sprat (Bernreuther et al 2009).…”

Section: Feeding Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fjords and estuaries may act as nursery areas for juvenile fish (Thiel et al 1996;Landaeta et al 2011a) and as a refuge for pelagic fish to avoid predation (Kaartvedt et al 2009). The zooplankton composition in fjords is determined by a combination of advective exchange with the coastal waters and local production within the fjord (Salvanes et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diet composition and food selectivity of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in Hardangerfjord, Norway

Falkenhaug

Dalpadado

2013

Marine Biology Research

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The diet composition and prey selection of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) was studied in the Hardangerfjord, western Norway during four cruises in spring and autumn of 2009 and 2010. Feeding activity, indicated by stomach fullness, varied with sprat size, season and time of day. Small-sized sprat were found to feed both in spring and autumn, while the larger individuals had lower feeding activity late in the season. Diurnal variation in stomach fullness was observed in the autumn but not in spring. Sprat fed on a broad diversity of prey types, including copepods, phytoplankton and meroplankton. Multivariate statistical analysis suggested that the dietary composition of sprat differed significantly between years, seasons and among areas within the fjord. During spring, phytoplankton and invertebrate eggs dominated the diet, while copepods were most important in the autumn. Positive selection was found for Microsetella norvegica and euphausiid eggs, which were the most frequently occurring prey in stomachs, followed by Oithona and Acartia spp. Interannual variability in zooplankton abundance in the fjord, related to physical processes, may have a large impact on the feeding conditions for fjord populations of sprat.

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Section: Diet Compositionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Feeding Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diet composition and food selectivity of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in Hardangerfjord, Norway

Falkenhaug

Dalpadado

2013

Marine Biology Research

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“…These predators seemed to strongly benefit from the changing environment through increased access to larger prey items that were driven out of the anoxic sediments (Pihl et al, 1992). In contrast, sprat use the hypoxic deeper layers of a fjord in Norway to escape from its predators during the day (Kaartvedt et al, 2009). Neither whiting, nor cod enter these low oxygen layers with less than 20% oxygen saturation.…”

Section: Ecological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of hypoxia on the structure and processes in pelagic communities (zooplankton, macro-invertebrates and fish)

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the water column is an environmental parameter that is crucial for the successful development of many pelagic organisms. Hypoxia tolerance and threshold values are species-and stagespecific and can vary enormously. While some fish species may suffer from oxygen values of less than 3 mL O 2 L −1 through impacted growth, development and behaviour, other organisms such as euphausiids may survive DO levels as low as 0.1 mL O 2 L −1 . A change in the average or the range of DO may have significant impacts on the survival of certain species and hence on the species composition in the ecosystem with consequent changes in trophic pathways and productivity.Evidence for the deleterious effects of oxygen depletion on pelagic species is scarce, particularly in terms of the effect of low oxygen on development, recruitment and patterns of migration and distribution. While planktonic organisms have to cope with variable DOs and exploit adaptive mechanisms, nektonic species may avoid areas of unfavourable DO and develop adapted migration strategies. Planktonic organisms may only be able to escape vertically, above or beneath the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ). In shallow areas only the surface layer can serve as a refuge, but in deep waters many organisms have developed vertical migration strategies to use, pass through and cope with the OMZ.Correspondence to: W. Ekau (wekau@zmt-bremen.de) This paper elucidates the role of DO for different taxa in the pelagic realm and the consequences of low oxygen for foodweb structure and system productivity. We describe processes in two contrasting systems, the semi-enclosed Baltic Sea and the coastal upwelling system of the Benguela Current to demonstrate the consequences of increasing hypoxia on ecosystem functioning and services.

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“…Small-scale studies of species interactions in situ are sparse (Turesson & Brönmark 2007, Kaartvedt et al 2009), and it is in general difficult to obtain direct observations of interactions at the individual level in the sea with available technologies (Hunsicker et al 2011). Information about prey composition obtained from sampled predator stomachs together with estimates of prey densities in the environment based on trawl catches have been used extensively to infer feeding behaviour and functional response of predators (Floeter & Temming 2003, Rindorf et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diel vertical interactions between Atlantic cod Gadus morhua and sprat Sprattus sprattus in a stratified water column

Andersen¹,

Lundgren²,

Neuenfeldt³

et al. 2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Information about species interactions at a spatial scale comparable to the perceptive abilities of the involved species is crucial for establishment of predictive food consumption models at the population level. Nevertheless, such information is sparse due to methodological constraints. We studied the diel vertical dynamics of species interactions between Atlantic cod Gadus morhua and its major clupeid prey, sprat Sprattus sprattus, at a location in the Bornholm Basin of the central Baltic Sea during late winter. This was accomplished by combining acoustic information on diel vertical fish distribution, time of ingestion of individual sprat estimated from cod stomach content data and observed vertical profiles of salinity, temperature and oxygen content. Predation by cod took place primarily at dusk and dawn during ascent and descent of sprat associated with school dissolution and formation, respectively. Cod resided close to the bottom outside these temporal predation windows. Sprat schools were located at the same depth as cod in the daylight hours, whereas at night dispersed sprat were situated higher in the water column. These vertical dynamics could be explained by fitness optimization using bioenergetics and trade-offs between temperature, oxygen saturation of the water and predation risk. This study forms a first step towards providing a mechanistic background for the predatory impact of cod at the basin scale and beyond.

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Sprat Sprattus sprattus can exploit low oxygen waters for overwintering

Cited by 33 publications

References 42 publications

Diet composition and food selectivity of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in Hardangerfjord, Norway

Diet composition and food selectivity of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in Hardangerfjord, Norway

Impacts of hypoxia on the structure and processes in pelagic communities (zooplankton, macro-invertebrates and fish)

Diel vertical interactions between Atlantic cod Gadus morhua and sprat Sprattus sprattus in a stratified water column

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