Spray angle effect during spray cooling of microelectronics: Experimental measurements and comparison with inverse calculations

Li, B.Q.; Cader, Tahir; Schwarzkopf, John D.; Okamoto, Kei; Ramaprian, B. R.

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.01.023

Cited by 56 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This shifts stagnation point back and forth and lead to increase effective cooling area [28]. Cross flow impingement [29], spray cooling [30] downward facing inclined wall [31] are also investigated. The hot object which is to be cooled is placed in a moving position rather than stationary [32], and it is impinged with the inclined jet [33,34].…”

Section: Jet Impingement Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold Zone Exploration Using Position of Maximum Nusselt Number for Inclined Air Jet Cooling

Ingole

Sundaram

2017

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

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Inclined jet air cooling can be effectively used for cooling of electronics or other such applications. The non-confined air jet is impinged and experimentally investigated on the hot target surface to be cooled, which is placed horizontally. Analysis and evaluations are made by introduction of a jet on the leading edge and investigated for downhill side cooling to identify cold spots. The jet Reynolds number in the range of 2000 ≤ Re ≤ 20 000 is examined with a circular jet for inclination (Θ) of 15 < Θ < 75 degree. Also, the consequence of a jet to target distance (H) is explored in the range 0:5 ≤ H/D ≤ 6.8. For 45 degree jet impingement, the maximum Nusselt number is widely spread. Location of maximum Nusselt number is studied, which indicates cold spots identification. At a higher angle ratio, the angle is the dominating parameter compared to the Reynolds Number. Whereas at a lower angle ratio, the inclined jet with a higher Reynolds number is giving the cooling point away from leading edge. It is observed that for a particular angle of incident location of maximum Nusselt Number, measured from leading edge of target, is ahead than that of stagnation point in stated conditions.

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Section: Jet Impingement Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, for a 30 and 15 degree inclination, it drastically increases to a highest of [25][26][27][28][29][30]. The physics of the flow can tend towards a geometrical intersection point of the inclined jet axis to the target plate (X 0 ).…”

Section: Position Of Maximum Nusselt Number -Inclination Wisementioning

confidence: 99%

Cold Zone Exploration Using Position of Maximum Nusselt Number for Inclined Air Jet Cooling

Ingole

Sundaram

2017

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

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“…Substituting the above expression in (10) and integrating over the overlap region yield (12) where (13) Fig. 9.…”

Section: Spray Overlapmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equation (12) can be simplified further into (14) The integral function, , in (14) is solved numerically for different values of and as shown in Fig. 10.…”

Section: Spray Overlapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Two-Phase Spray Cooling for Thermal Management of Electronic Devices

Visaria

Mudawar

2009

IEEE Trans. Comp. Packag. Technol.

104

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Recent studies provide ample evidence of the effectiveness of two-phase spray cooling at dissipating large heat fluxes from electronic devices. However, those same studies point to the difficulty predicting spray performance, given the large number of parameters that influence spray behavior. This paper provides a complete set of models/correlations that are required for designing an optimum spray cooling system. Several coolants (water, FC-72, FC-77, FC-87 and PF-5052) are used to generate a comprehensive spray-cooling database for different nozzles, flow rates, subcoolings, and orientations. High-speed video motion analysis is used to enhance the understanding of droplet formation and impact on the device's surface, especially near the critical heat flux (CHF) point. A previous CHF correlation for normal sprays is modified for both inclination and subcooling effects. A new user-friendly CHF correlation is recommended which shows excellent predictive capability for the entire database. Also discussed in this paper is a new theoretical scheme for assessing the influence of spray overlap on cooling performance.

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“…Liquid spray breakup and atomisation phenomena are found in agricultural, chemical, industrial and commercial applications, such as spray drying,1 cooling,2, 3 painting, cleaning, drug delivery, internal combustion engines,4–6 aircraft turbine engines,7–9 sprinklers and fire suppression systems. Sprays produced by pressure‐swirl atomisers seen in daily life, such as in trigger sprayers, have many practical applications for liquid dispensing, such as cosmetics, fragrance, healthcare, home and garden products, and personal care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spray characteristics of a swirl atomiser in trigger sprayers using water–ethanol mixtures

Yao

Fang

2013

Can J Chem Eng

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Pressure swirl atomisers are widely used in both industry and daily life. It is critical to understand the spray transient behaviour for better design of these systems. This paper presents an experimental study of conical liquid sheets breakup from a swirl atomiser nozzle in trigger sprayers. Spray and atomisation characteristics were measured and analysed. Water–ethanol mixtures were used to simulate different fluids on the breakup and atomisation quality of the spray development process with a wide range of surface tension while maintaining relatively small changes in fluid viscosity and density. The spray images were taken by a high speed digital camera and post‐processed to analyse the global spray structure, spray cone angle, and breakup length. The droplet size and its distribution were measured using a laser diffraction technique. It was observed that the surface waves grow rapidly on the cone‐shaped liquid sheets and breakup into liquid ligaments and droplets during the initial stage of fluid dispensing. Then the spray transitions into the developed stage. Near the end of the dispensing process, the liquid cone collapses with poor atomisation (large droplets) due to momentum loss. The comparison between different fluids showed that the spray cone angle and liquid breakup length decreased with the increase of ethanol percentage ratio. The percentiles parameters, Sauter mean diameter (SMD) and particle size distribution were measured and compared for different locations. High surface tension fluids produce larger droplets than lower surface tension fluids, which have the same trend as the percentiles parameters and SMD. Results also show that droplet size and its distribution depend on the location of the measurement. Generally speaking, smaller droplet size is found for a location away from the nozzle axis in the vertical direction. In the horizontal direction, larger droplet sizes are found for a location closer to the nozzle exit. © 2013 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering

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Spray angle effect during spray cooling of microelectronics: Experimental measurements and comparison with inverse calculations

Cited by 56 publications

References 13 publications

Cold Zone Exploration Using Position of Maximum Nusselt Number for Inclined Air Jet Cooling

Cold Zone Exploration Using Position of Maximum Nusselt Number for Inclined Air Jet Cooling

Application of Two-Phase Spray Cooling for Thermal Management of Electronic Devices

Spray characteristics of a swirl atomiser in trigger sprayers using water–ethanol mixtures

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