Spray Characteristic of Diesel-Water Injector for Burner System

Abstract

Abstract. NOx and PM are the major product results from the combustion of diesel either in internal combustion engine or external burner system. Thus, the emulsification concept from diesel and water were studied with focusing in controlling of combustion process in order to minimize the harmful emission. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of diesel-water emulsification on mixture formation, burning process and flame development in burner system. The studed parameters include equivalent ratio, water content in diesel-water emulsification and spray characteristics such as spray penetration length, spray angle and spray area. The spray image of different diesel-water ratio and equivalence ratio can be investigated by direct photography method with a digital camera. The real spray images with the time changes was analyzed and compared with based diesel fuel. The results show that the higher of water contents due to higher viscosity influences the higher penetration length and lower spray angle thus predominantly the lower combustible mixture and lower the flame penetration. IntroductionThe growth of the economy and world population have driven the use of energy and natural resources. Diesel as one of the natural resources is being consumed heavily in the world demand. It can be used in many applications such as fuel in automotive and burner system. However, SootNOx trade off plays as a key element in controlling the combustion process in external burner system that can cause serious problems on the environment and human health[l-41. Therefore, the improvement of diesel combustion with controlling of combustion process is urgently required. For that reason, the study in fuel-air mixing and spray characteristics are necessary before the combustion process takes place. The simplest method to control the emission is by adding water in diesel, which is also known as diesel-water emulsion process. Diesel-water emulsion is the simpler and cheapest way to reduce the emission of combustion [3]. Several attractive benefits are associated with the adoption of the diesel-water emulsified. The heat absorption by water vaporization causes a decrease of local adiabatic flame temperature. During this phenomenon, water can weakens the peak temperature of luminous flames during diffusion process thus decrease the NO, emissions [5].In addition, the fuel is vaporized to a small particular after the explosion of water droplets, this is named as micro-explosion phenomenon [3-41. Micro-explosion is occurs during the mixing of water and fuel, it's made up of two or more liquids with relatively large differences between their boiling temperatures. Heat absorption by water vaporization causes a decrease of local adabatic flame temperature and reduction of peak flame temperature that associated with lower the PM emissions and produces less toxic emission. Nevertheless, another effect of water emulsification is it tends to increase the surface tension and viscosity of the fuel, which makes the fuel hard to break u...

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