Spray Deposition of Titania Films with Incorporated Crystalline Nanoparticles for All‐Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Using P3HT

Song, Lin; Wang, Weijia; Körstgens, Volker; González, Daniel Moseguí; Yao, Yuan; Minar, Norma K.; Feckl, Johann M.; Peters, Kristina; Bein, Thomas; Fattakhova‐Rohlfing, Dina; Santoro, Gonzalo; Roth, Stephan V.; Müller‐Buschbaum, Peter

doi:10.1002/adfm.201504498

Cited by 54 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Among the possible applications that can take advantage from the use of TiO 2 nanostructures having multi-scale-porosity, DSCs (Dye Solar Cells)1314 have been pushed to a high level of maturity and, nowadays, represent an interesting alternative to semiconductors technologies mainly due to the large versatility and the low production cost1516. Using DSC technologies, the light-to-current conversion efficiency was raised up to 13%17.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multi-Scale-Porosity TiO2 scaffolds grown by innovative sputtering methods for high throughput hybrid photovoltaics

Sanzaro

Smecca

Mannino

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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We propose an up-scalable, reliable, contamination-free, rod-like TiO2 material grown by a new method based on sputtering deposition concepts which offers a multi-scale porosity, namely: an intra-rods nano-porosity (1–5 nm) arising from the Thornton’s conditions and an extra-rods meso-porosity (10–50 nm) originating from the spatial separation of the Titanium and Oxygen sources combined with a grazing Ti flux. The procedure is simple, since it does not require any template layer to trigger the nano-structuring, and versatile, since porosity and layer thickness can be easily tuned; it is empowered by the lack of contaminations/solvents and by the structural stability of the material (at least) up to 500 °C. Our material gains porosity, stability and infiltration capability superior if compared to conventionally sputtered TiO2 layers. Its competition level with chemically synthesized reference counterparts is doubly demonstrated: in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells, by the infiltration and chemisorption of N-719 dye (∼1 × 1020 molecules/cm3); and in Perovskite Solar Cells, by the capillary infiltration of solution processed CH3NH3PbI3 which allowed reaching efficiency of 11.7%. Based on the demonstrated attitude of the material to be functionalized, its surface activity could be differently tailored on other molecules or gas species or liquids to enlarge the range of application in different fields.

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confidence: 99%

Multi-Scale-Porosity TiO2 scaffolds grown by innovative sputtering methods for high throughput hybrid photovoltaics

Sanzaro

Smecca

Mannino

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Figure a–e refers to the 2D GISAXS data of the titania thin films prepared with different HCl content in THF solvent. The observable maximum scattering intensity between the specular peak and sample horizon is the so‐called Yoneda peak, which is material characteristic . The very pronounced horizontal scattering signal at the Yoneda region indicates the statistical average information of the titania nanostructures in the lateral direction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells, the exciton diffusion length within typical backfilling materials is typically less than 20 nm. Mesoporous titania with uniform pore arrangement provides an excellent basis to suppress recombination losses of excitons . Although many achievements have been reached in the preparation of porous metal oxide materials, current synthetic methods still have several inherent drawbacks from the perspective of thin film nanotechnology, such as time consuming processing conditions and the ill‐defined powder form product .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Factors for Template‐Oriented Porous Titania Synthesis: Solvents and Catalysts

et al. 2020

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Various types of titania nanostructures are synthesized with a polymer‐templated sol–gel method based on the amphiphilic diblock copolymer polystyrene‐b‐polyethylene oxide (PS‐b‐PEO) in combination with selective incorporation of the titania precursor titanium tetraisopropoxide. Custom tailoring of different types of titania morphologies is realized by changing the phase separation behavior of the PS‐b‐PEO template. Particularly, application of solvents from different categories is found to have a major impact upon the phase separation behavior of PS‐b‐PEO and the final titania film morphology. The amount of available hydrochloric acid catalyst during the gelation process is seen as an additional key factor to induce controllable morphological changes. Scanning electron microscopy and grazing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering measurements are carried out to study the surface and inner structure of porous titania films. Systematic analysis and comparison of different characterization results allow attributing the following three factors to the respectively formed titania nanostructure: the surface energy between PS blocks and surrounding solvent, the aggregation behavior of the titania nanoparticles, and the block‐specific selectivity of the used solvent. For all synthesized titania thin films, an anatase‐type crystallization is confirmed through X‐ray powder diffraction.

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“…[175] However, with respect to fabrication of hybrid solar cells or respective (metal oxide) photoanodes, it was only rarely applied so far. [176][177][178] For example Song et al used spray coating to fabricate mesoporous titania films. [177] Pre-synthesized crystalline titania nanoparticles with a size of ≈4.5 nm [179,180] were introduced into the block copolymer assisted sol-gel synthesis of the metal oxide phase of the hybrid films in order to obtain more efficient titania photoanodes.…”

Section: Morphology Control Using Insulating Block Copolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Photovoltaics – from Fundamentals towards Application

Müller‐Buschbaum

Thelakkat

Fässler

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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In hybrid photovoltaics, an organic and an inorganic semiconductor are combined in the active layer, with the advantages of both material classes in a single device. The organic component contributes towards the possibility for wet chemical device preparation with potentially low costs in combination with achieving flexible devices. From the inorganic component an increase in stability, as well as superior opto‐electronic properties, is added. Given the large diversity of organic and inorganic semiconductors, a large number of possible realizations of hybrid solar cells emerge. In the present review, we limit to hybrid solar cells which combine conjugated polymers with inorganic materials such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silicon, germanium and quantum dots to keep focused. Particular emphasis is put on different routes to tailor nanostructures, such as the use of semiconductor block copolymers. The inorganic component is either synthesized directly in one of the blocks or added as a pre‐synthesized nanomaterial to form the hybrid material. Alternatively, the block copolymer is used as a structure‐directing template in a sol–gel synthesis approach to have tailored inorganic nanostructures, which are back‐filled with the organic component to fabricate the hybrid material. Hybrid solar cells based on crystalline Si are discussed for comparison.

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Spray Deposition of Titania Films with Incorporated Crystalline Nanoparticles for All‐Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Using P3HT

Cited by 54 publications

References 81 publications

Multi-Scale-Porosity TiO2 scaffolds grown by innovative sputtering methods for high throughput hybrid photovoltaics

Multi-Scale-Porosity TiO2 scaffolds grown by innovative sputtering methods for high throughput hybrid photovoltaics

Key Factors for Template‐Oriented Porous Titania Synthesis: Solvents and Catalysts

Hybrid Photovoltaics – from Fundamentals towards Application

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