“…In contrast, because an electrostatic sprayer is usually adjusted to spray a lower volume rate than a mist-blower, the resulting treatment losses are reduced; moreover, it improves the homogeneity of distribution and product penetration in the vegetation (Laryea and No, 2003;Jahannama et al, 2005, Maski andDurairaj, 2010;Yang et al, 2015;Mermer et al, 2016, Patel et al, 2017. In addition, this technology is very versatile and has been previously applied to different types of crops (Arnold et al, 1984;Cayley et al, 1984;Abdelbagi and Adams, 1987;Western et al, 1994;Kabashima et al, 1995;Derksen et al, 2007;Gitirana Neto et al, 2015;Tourino et al, 2017;Tavares et al, 2017;Joseph and Bolda, 2018). Pascuzzi and Cerruto (2015) conducted field tests with an electrostatic sprayer in vineyards, finding that this could deliver greater deposits on leaves than a traditional air-assisted sprayer.…”