Spray Drift and Recovery As Affected by Spray Thickener, Nozzle Type, and Nozzle Pressure

Bode, L. E.; Butler, BJ; Goering, Carroll E.

doi:10.13031/2013.35997

Cited by 47 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…71 Temperature and relative humidity may vary much during the year, but they are stable during short periods of time (time of trial). This does not apply to wind speed and wind direction, which can drastically change during each trial, resulting in high influence on spray drift measurements [63]. For that reason, wind speed and wind direction correlation were analyzed indicating that high speed results in lower wind direction variance (Figure 4), in agreement with the result of previous research [64].…”

Section: Weather Conditionssupporting

confidence: 85%

Development and Field Evaluation of a Spray Drift Risk Assessment Tool for Vineyard Spraying Application

et al. 2019

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Spray drift is one of the most important causes of pollution from plant protection products and it puts the health of the environment, animals, and humans at risk. There is; thus, an urgent need to develop measures for its reduction. Among the factors that affect spray drift are the weather conditions during application of spraying. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a spray drift evaluation tool based on an existing model by TOPPS-Prowadis to improve the process of plant protection products’ application and to mitigate spray drift for specific meteorological conditions in Greece that are determined, based on weather forecast, by reassessing the limits for wind speed and direction, temperature, and air relative humidity set in the tool. The new limits were tested by conducting experimental work in the vineyard of the Agricultural University of Athens with a trailed air-assisted sprayer for bush and tree crops, using the ISO 22866:2005 methodology. The results showed that the limits set are consistent with the values of the spray drift measured and follows the tool’s estimates of low, medium, and high risk of spray drift.

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Section: Weather Conditionssupporting

confidence: 85%

Development and Field Evaluation of a Spray Drift Risk Assessment Tool for Vineyard Spraying Application

et al. 2019

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“…Physical herbicide drift occurs when spray droplets are displaced from their intended flight path due to wind. Application variables that can impact herbicide drift include the use of a hooded sprayer boom (Wolf et al 1993), the use of drift control agents (Bode et al 1976), or by lowering the spray boom closer to the ground (Combellack et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced adsorption of dicamba spray droplets on leaves as droplet size increases

Creech,

Kruger,

Oliveira

et al. 2024

Weed Technol

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Off-target movement of growth regulator herbicides can cause severe injury to susceptible plants. Apart from not spraying on windy days or at excessive boom heights, making herbicide applications using nozzles that produce large droplets is the preferred method for reducing herbicide drift. Although large droplets maintain a higher velocity and are more likely to reach the leaf surface in windy conditions, their ability to remain on the leaf surface is poorly understood. Upon impact with the leaf surface, droplets may shatter, bounce, roll-off, or be retained on a leaf surface. We examined how different nozzles, pressures, and adjuvants impact spray droplet adsorption on the leaf surface of common lambsquarters and soybean. Plants were grown in a greenhouse and sprayed in a spray chamber. Three nozzles (XR, AIXR, and TTI) were evaluated at 138, 259, and 379 kPa. Dicamba (0.14 kg ae ha⁻¹) was applied alone and with methylated seed oil (MSO), a non-ionic surfactant, silicone-based adjuvant, crop oil concentrate, or a drift reduction adjuvant. A 1, 3, 6, 8-pyrene tetra sulfonic acid tetra sodium salt was added as a tracer. Dicamba spray droplet adsorption when using the XR nozzle, which produced the smallest spray droplets, was 1.75 times greater than when applied with the TTI nozzle with the largest spray droplets. Applying dicamba with MSO increased adsorption on leaf surfaces nearly four times the amount achieved without an adjuvant. The lowest application pressure (138 kPa) increased dicamba spray volume adsorbed more than 10% compared to the higher pressures 259 and 379 kPa. By understanding the impacts of these application parameters on dicamba spray droplet adsorption, applicators can select application parameters, equipment, and adjuvants that will maximize the amount of dicamba spray volume retained on the target leaf surface while minimizing dicamba spray drift.

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“…According to the technical standard, the spray drift is the amount of agrochemicals that is pushed away from the treated area by the action of air flows (absolute drift) [16,17]. Therefore, the drift identifies the fraction of mixture delivered by the sprayer that is not intercepted by the crop and is instead dispersed in the surrounding environment, both far (transported by the wind: exodrift or atmospheric drift) and near (endodrift or runoff) the treated area [18][19][20]. The aforementioned Directive establishes the need for drift reduction during treatments, particularly in nearby sensitive areas, such as water bodies, natural reserves and urban areas [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Drift of Spray Droplets Dipped in Airflows with Different Directions

et al. 2020

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The European Directive concerning pesticide sustainable use establishes regulations to reduce the environmental drift throughout treatments to agricultural crops, particularly in nearby sensitive areas, such as water bodies, natural reserves and urban areas. The drift represents the fraction of mixture delivered by the sprayer that is not caught by the crop, and is the clearest cause of environmental pollution. Anti-drift nozzles are usually employed, and buffer zones are also maintained along the edges of the sprayed field to reduce drift production. The aim of this work was the theoretical study of the motion of the spray droplets delivered by a nozzle, dipped in downwards and/or lateral forced air flows. A mathematical model has been developed, consisting of a system of 2nd order differential equations, to simulate the motion of water droplets of different diameters within simultaneous different directions of air flow. The graphs, obtained by means of the numerical solution of the model, allow us to analyze the level of the droplets’ drift, according to their diameter and to the speed of the lateral and the downward air flows, respectively. A lateral airflow at a speed of 5 m · s − 1 produced a drift in its direction until 1.70 m for droplets from 100 to 500 μm in diameter. For larger drops, the impact of the downward airflow is not very significant. The results obtained by the numerical solution of the mathematical model have been compared with the results of experimental tests carried out to evaluate the drift of spray produced by different nozzles.

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Spray Drift and Recovery As Affected by Spray Thickener, Nozzle Type, and Nozzle Pressure

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Development and Field Evaluation of a Spray Drift Risk Assessment Tool for Vineyard Spraying Application

Development and Field Evaluation of a Spray Drift Risk Assessment Tool for Vineyard Spraying Application

Reduced adsorption of dicamba spray droplets on leaves as droplet size increases

A Study on the Drift of Spray Droplets Dipped in Airflows with Different Directions

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