Spray Drift from Dicamba and Glyphosate Applications in a Wind Tunnel

Alves, Guilherme Sousa; Kruger, Greg R.; Cunha, João Paulo Arantes Rodrigues da; Vieira, Bruno C.; Henry, Ryan S.; Obradovic, Andjela; Grujic, Mica

doi:10.1017/wet.2017.15

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It has been reported that the distance where sorghum plants were lethally injured by glyphosate drift decreased 34% for applications with AI nozzles compared to conventional flat-fan nozzles [45]. Similar wind tunnel study results were reported, where applications of dicamba alone and in tank mixtures with glyphosate using AI nozzles resulted in less herbicide particle drift compared to conventional flat-fan nozzles [46,47].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Response of Amaranthus spp. following exposure to sublethal herbicide rates via spray particle drift

et al. 2019

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The adverse consequences of herbicide drift towards sensitive crops have been extensively reported in the literature. However, little to no information is available on the consequences of herbicide drift onto weed species inhabiting boundaries of agricultural fields. Exposure to herbicide drift could be detrimental to long-term weed management as several weed species have evolved herbicide-resistance after recurrent selection with sublethal herbicide rates This study investigated the deposition of glyphosate, 2,4-D, and dicamba spray particle drift from applications with two different nozzles in a low speed wind tunnel, and their impact on growth and development of Amaranthus spp. Herbicide drift resulted in biomass reduction or complete plant mortality. Inflection points (distance to 50% biomass reduction) for Amaranthus tuberculatus were 7.7, 4.0, and 4.1 m downwind distance for glyphosate, 2,4-D, and dicamba applications with the flat-fan nozzle, respectively, whereas these values corresponded to 2.8, 2.5, and 1.9 m for applications with the air-inclusion nozzle. Inflection points for Amaranthus palmeri biomass reduction were 16.3, 10.9, and 11.5 m for glyphosate, 2,4-D, and dicamba applications with the flat-fan nozzle, respectively, whereas these values corresponded to 7.6, 5.4, and 5.4 m for applications with the air-inclusion nozzle. Plants were more sensitive to glyphosate at higher exposure rates than other herbicides, whereas plants were more sensitive to 2,4-D and dicamba at lower exposure rates compared to glyphosate. Applications with the flat-fan nozzle resulted in 32.3 and 11.5% drift of the applied rate at 1.0 and 3.0 m downwind, respectively, whereas the air-inclusion nozzle decreased the dose exposure in the same distances (11.4 and 2.7%, respectively). Herbicide drift towards field boundaries was influenced by nozzle design and exposed weeds to herbicide rates previously reported to select for herbicide-resistant biotypes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Response of Amaranthus spp. following exposure to sublethal herbicide rates via spray particle drift

et al. 2019

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“…It was reported to vaporize from the treated fields and spread to neighboring non-resistant crops. [6][7][8] Because of the crop damage and farmers' complaints, Arkansas and Missouri banned the sale and use of dicamba in 2017, 9 and in 2018 EPA implemented additional restrictions on sale and use of dicamba in the USA (https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/registration-dicambause-dicamba-tolerant-crops). A lower volatility formulation of dicamba offered by Monsanto was approved by the U.S. environmental protection agency (EPA), but properties of this formulation has not been evaluated by experts outside of Monsanto.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hapten Synthesis, Antibody Development, and a Highly Sensitive Indirect Competitive Chemiluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Dicamba

Huo

Barnych

et al. 2019

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Although the dicamba has long been one of the most widely used selective herbicides, now, some US states have banned the sale and use of dicamba because of farmers complaints of a drift and damage to non-resistant crops. To prevent illegal use of dicamba and allow monitoring of nonresistant crops, a rapid and sensitive method for detection of dicamba is critical. In this paper, three novel dicamba haptens with an aldehyde group were synthesized, conjugated to the carrier protein via reductive amination procedure and an indirect competitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) for dicamba was developed. The assay showed an IC 50 of 0.874 ng/mL which was over fifteen times lower than the conventional enzyme immunoassay. The immunoassay was used to quantify dicamba concentration in the field samples of soil and soybean obtained from fields sprayed with dicamba. The developed CLEIA showed an excellent correlation with LC-MS analysis in spike and recovery studies, as well as real samples. The recovery of dicamba ranged from 86 to 108 % in plant samples and from 105 to 107 % in soil samples. Thus, this assay is a rapid and simple analytical tool to detect and quantify dicamba levels in environmental samples, and potentially a great tool for on-site crop and field monitoring.

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“…Experiments were conducted at the Pesticide Application Technology Laboratory (PAT Lab) at the West Central Research and Extension Center of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in North Platte, Nebraska, in 2015. Treatments were performed in a low-speed wind tunnel with plexiglass walls and square working sections of 1.2 m wide, 1.2 m high, and 15 m long (Alves et al, 2017a). Applications were made at environmental conditions of 20°C (± 2°C) air temperature and 60% (±5%) relative humidity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spray drift is a critical concern for herbicide applications as previous research determined severe crop injury could occur up to 200 m downwind when synthetic auxin herbicides, such as 2,4-D, were applied (Byass and Lake, 1977). Additionally, previous research reported that crop injury can occur on exposed susceptible crops due to downwind drift from applications of glyphosate, 2,4-D, and dicamba herbicides (Johnson et al, 2006;Egan et al, 2014;Alves et al, 2017a;Kalsing et al, 2018). Drift may also contribute to the evolution of herbicide resistance as sublethal doses have been found to hasten the evolution process (Neve and Powles, 2005;Vieira et al, 2020a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drift Potential from Glyphosate and 2,4-D Applications as Influenced by Nozzle Type, Adjuvant, and Airspeed

Alves¹,

Vieira²,

Butts³

et al. 2020

Applied Engineering in Agriculture

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HIGHLIGHTS  The AIXR nozzle and modified vegetable oil reduce drift potential.  Downwind spray deposition increases non-linearly as airspeed increases.  Nozzle selection is more important than adjuvant to mitigate spray drift. ABSTRACT. Spray drift is a critical concern for pesticide applications and the largest focus for its reduction has been placed on increasing droplet size. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the influence of nozzle type, adjuvant, and airspeed on the droplet spectrum and spray drift deposits from applications of glyphosate plus 2,4-D in a wind tunnel. Two studies were conducted using three 11002 nozzles types (XR, DG, and AIXR) individually attached to a one-tip boom. The working pressure was 207 kPa. The first study evaluated drift from the potassium salt of glyphosate (1260 g ae ha-1) plus 2,4-D amine (450 g ae ha-1) tank-mixed with four adjuvants (individually) sprayed at 2.2 m s-1 airspeed. A glyphosate plus 2,4-D solution with no tank-mixed adjuvants was also evaluated. The second study evaluated drift from glyphosate plus 2,4-D applications in four airspeeds (0.9, 2.2, 3.6, and 4.9 m s-1). Drift potential was determined using 2 mm monofilament line collectors and a 1,3,6,8-pyrenetetrasulfonic acid tetra sodium salt (PTSA) fluorescent tracer added to solutions, quantified by fluorometry. Nozzles and adjuvants influenced droplet size distribution of glyphosate plus 2,4-D solutions. Among the nozzles, the AIXR produced the coarsest droplets and the lowest tracer deposits (12 g cm-2) at 12 m downwind regardless of solution type. When nozzles were pooled, the modified vegetable oil (MVO) reduced the spray deposition by 36% at 12 m compared to the solution without adjuvant. At 4.9 m s-1 airspeed, tracer deposit at 12 m downwind was 2-fold lower when applications were made through low-drift nozzles (DG and AIXR) compared to the XR nozzle. Results suggest that driftreducing adjuvants tested in this study may not reduce drift and nozzle selection should be considered as a more important factor than adjuvants in order to mitigate spray drift.

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Spray Drift from Dicamba and Glyphosate Applications in a Wind Tunnel

Cited by 34 publications

References 28 publications

Response of Amaranthus spp. following exposure to sublethal herbicide rates via spray particle drift

Response of Amaranthus spp. following exposure to sublethal herbicide rates via spray particle drift

Hapten Synthesis, Antibody Development, and a Highly Sensitive Indirect Competitive Chemiluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Dicamba

Drift Potential from Glyphosate and 2,4-D Applications as Influenced by Nozzle Type, Adjuvant, and Airspeed

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