Spray freeze dried niclosamide nanocrystals embedded dry powder for high dose pulmonary delivery

Combination of Niclosamide and Pirfenidone Alleviates Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and MAPK/Nf-κB and STATs Regulated Genes

“…NCL is an oral anthelminthic FDA-approved drug. Recently, NCL was proven to be the best candidate for effectively preventing the replication and destruction of SARS-CoV-2 after screening more than 3000 kinds of FDA-approved drugs [ 23 ]. There is a growing body of evidence on the potential benefits of NCL in targeting different molecules that participate in the fibrogenesis process [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Pharmaceutical Nanoparticles Formation and Their Physico-Chemical and Biomedical Properties

“…Cryochemical methods of synthesis and modification of drug nanoparticles are based on the combination of the processes of evaporation or sublimation of a drug substance by heating under vacuum conditions, followed by condensation of the drug molecular vapor at support surfaces cooled to cryogenic temperatures (77-100 K) [56,57] (Figure 7). Another powerful cryogenic technology is the spray freeze-drying technique of frozen water or mixed water-organic solutions of drug substances under vacuum conditions [56,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] Supercritical technologies have been shown to reduce the particle size of Fenofibrate down to 1.8-8.33 µ m compared to untreated Fenofibrate (24.2 ± 0.8 µ m) [51]. Supercritical anti-solvent technology was utilized to reduce the particle size of Betamethasone [52], Myricetin [53], and Luteolin [54].…”

“…Cryochemical methods of synthesis and modification of drug nanoparticles are based on the combination of the processes of evaporation or sublimation of a drug substance by heating under vacuum conditions, followed by condensation of the drug molecular vapor at support surfaces cooled to cryogenic temperatures (77-100 K) [56,57] (Figure 7). Another powerful cryogenic technology is the spray freeze-drying technique of frozen water or mixed water-organic solutions of drug substances under vacuum conditions [56,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] (Figure 8). The use of low temperatures enables the reduction in drug substance particles down to the nanoscale and stabilization of metastable crystal structures, allowing the creation of new polymorphic crystal modifications of known drug substances.…”

“…Analysis of the obtained data confirms that cryochemically modified Piroxicam exists in the pure crystal form III, which is thermodynamically metastable. This form has been recognized for over thirty years, but its crystallographic structure was recently decoded [58]. The crystallographic parameters include a space group of P-1, with a = 8.0106( 17 Upon heating, the nanoform of the polymorphic modification Form III of Piroxicam The production of nanosized powders of Piroxicam was achieved using a method involving dynamic sublimation in a heated carrier gas flow followed by low-temperature condensation of the drug substance's molecular vapor from the gas phase.…”

“…Analysis of the obtained data confirms that cryochemically modified Piroxicam exists in the pure crystal form III, which is thermodynamically metastable. This form has been recognized for over thirty years, but its crystallographic structure was recently decoded [58]. The crystallographic parameters include a space group of P-1, with a = 8.0106( 17 Upon heating, the nanoform of the polymorphic modification Form III of Piroxicam undergoes successive transformations: At a temperature of 125 • C, there is particle enlargement leading to the formation of needle-like crystals characteristic of the polymorphic modification Form II, visible under an optical microscope.…”