Spray Structure Generated by Multi-Hole Injectors for Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines

Mitroglou, Nicholas; Nouri, J. M.; Yan, Youyou; Gavaises, Manolis; Arcoumanis, C.

doi:10.4271/2007-01-1417

Cited by 60 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…20 A wide range of non-intrusive diagnostics have also been employed to study the spray and entrainment field. These include schlieren and shadowgraphy, Mie and Rayleigh scattering [17,[20][21][22], diffuse backlit illumination (DBI) [23][24][25], particle image velocimetry [12,26,27], laser absorption scattering [28], Raman spectroscopy [29] and laser induced fluorescence (LIF) [30][31][32][33] among others. Phase doppler interferometry (PDI) is also commonly used to measure droplet size and velocity where the flow is sufficiently dilute [21, 22, 25 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal and near nozzle measurements of Engine Combustion Network “Spray G” gasoline direct injectors

Duke

Kastengren

Matusik

et al. 2017

Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science

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Gasoline direct injection (GDI) sprays are complex multiphase flows. When compared to multi-hole diesel sprays, the plumes are closely spaced, and the sprays are more likely to interact. The effects of multi-jet interaction on entrainment and spray targeting can be influenced by small variations in the mass fluxes from the holes, which in turn depend on transients in the needle movement and small-scale details of the internal geometry. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of a multi-institutional effort to experimentally characterize the internal geometry and near-nozzle flow of the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) Spray G gasoline injector. In order to develop a complete picture of the near-nozzle flow, a standardized setup was shared between facilities. A wide range of techniques were employed, including both x-ray and visible-light diagnostics. The novel aspects of this work include both new experimental measurements, and a comparison of the results across different techniques and facilities. The breadth and depth of the data reveal phenomena which were not apparent from analysis of the individual data sets. We show that plume-to-plume variations in the mass fluxes from the holes can cause large-scale asymmetries in the entrainment field and spray structure.Both internal flow transients and small-scale geometric features can have an effect on the external flow. The sharp turning angle of the flow into the holes also causes an inward vectoring of the plumes relative to the hole drill angle, which increases with time due to entrainment of gas into a low-pressure region between the plumes. These factors increase the likelihood of spray collapse with longer injection durations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal and near nozzle measurements of Engine Combustion Network “Spray G” gasoline direct injectors

Duke

Kastengren

Matusik

et al. 2017

Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science

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“…In both cases, the prime objective is to avoid cycle-to-cycle spray variations so that a stable combustible mixture is formed prior to ignition which, in turn, depends on the internal nozzle flow characteristics including cavitation. The innozzle flow and spray characteristics of multihole injectors have been the subject of previous investigations [3][4][5][6]. Recently, intensive research has revealed that the outwards opening design offers many advantages, amongst those that it prevents the formation of the pre-spray associated with pressure-swirl atomizers and most inwards opening injectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Flow and Spray Characteristics of Pintle-Type Outwards Opening Piezo Injectors for Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines

Marchi

Nouri

Yan

et al. 2007

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…The present investigation is the continuation of previous work done by the same research group [15][16][17][18][19] by focusing on the spray characteristics of double injection in multi-hole injector nozzles. Double injection strategy has proved to be an effective way of minimising engine and catalyst warm-up time [20][21][22], a period during which emissions are at their highest level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The same nozzle configurations to those used in [19] have been considered here, except for some differences in the number and position of the injection holes. Figure 1 illustrates a schematic representation of the two investigated nozzle designs; the first one, Figure 1(a), represents an asymmetric six-hole arrangement where the angular spacing between two adjacent holes is given, while the second schematic, Figure 1(b), features a twelve-hole design with a central injection hole and ten side-holes; where two side-holes are blocked.…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, enhanced air entrainment has been observed due to the larger surface area of the separated spray jets and enhanced flexibility to direct the sprays towards the spark plug, thus allowing improved matching between the injector, the generated spray and the combustion chamber design. Recently some detailed experimental investigations have been carried out and reported in [15][16][17][18][19] on the spray characteristics and mixture distribution in engines equipped with high-pressure multi-hole injectors operating at injection pressures up to 200bar and chamber pressures up to 12 bar. These studies have confirmed that the overall spray angle relative to the axis of the injector is independent of injection and chamber pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spray Structure From Double Fuel Injection in Multihole Injectors for Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines

2009

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Citation: Mitroglou, N., Nouri, J. M. & Arcoumanis, C. (2009). Spray structure from double fuel injection in multihole injectors for gasoline direct-injection engines. Atomization and Sprays, 19(6), pp. 529-545. doi: 10.1615/AtomizSpr.v19.i6.30 This is the unspecified version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent ABSTRACTThe spray characteristics of double fuel injection in multi-hole injectors for direct-injection gasoline engines have been evaluated in a constant-volume chamber using Iso-Octane as fuel. Measurements of droplets mean and rms velocity and their diameter were obtained using a 2-D phase Doppler anemometer (PDA) at injection pressures up to 120bar, atmospheric chamber pressures and ambient temperatures up to 115°C. Complementary spray visualisation made use of a pulsed light, a CCD camera and a high-speed video camera synchronised with the injection process. Spray images with double injection revealed that there are delay times in needle opening and closing of the order of 0.6ms and 0.3ms, respectively, and that dwell times less than 0.5ms introduced a pre-spray prior to the second injection event while, for dwell times more than 0.5ms, the images showed that the overall jet-spray structure in the cases of the first and second injection event remained the same as those of single injection.PDA results near the injector exit quantified the relatively strong pre-spray at 0.3ms dwell time and revealed that its strength reduced with increasing dwell time so that at 1ms there was no sign of the prespray. The effect of ambient chamber temperature on the spray velocity for double injection was found to be significant at temperatures above 90°C; results at higher temperatures, 115°C, showed a consistent reduction in the mean droplets velocity up to 10% within the core of the first and second sprays, with a corresponding increase in the RMS velocity fluctuations due to the increased vaporisation rates and the droplets momentum loss. The droplet size distribution of the double injection spray was, in general, similar to that of single injection except during the dwell time when the droplets arithmetic mean diameter (AMD) with pre-spray was found to be smaller than those without the pre-spray because of the different type of droplets and the much higher data rates in the case of the pre-spray.

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Spray Structure Generated by Multi-Hole Injectors for Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines

Cited by 60 publications

References 15 publications

Internal and near nozzle measurements of Engine Combustion Network “Spray G” gasoline direct injectors

Internal and near nozzle measurements of Engine Combustion Network “Spray G” gasoline direct injectors

Internal Flow and Spray Characteristics of Pintle-Type Outwards Opening Piezo Injectors for Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines

Spray Structure From Double Fuel Injection in Multihole Injectors for Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines

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