Spread of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BHV-5) in the rabbit brain after intranasal inoculation

Lee, Bong J; Weiss, Mark L.; Mosier, Derek A.; Chowdhury, Shafiqul I.

doi:10.3109/13550289909045376

Cited by 41 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These data indicate that BHV-1, although it is not as neuroinvasive as BHV-5, may be able to reach some areas of the brain after intranasal inoculation. The replication and spread within the brain, however, would not suffice to produce clinical meningoencephalitis, ex-plaining why BHV-1 is rarely associated with neurological disorders in cattle and in experimentally infected rabbits (4,20,21,23,26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dexamethasone-induced reactivation of bovine herpesvirus type 5 latent infection in experimentally infected rabbits results in a broader distribution of latent viral DNA in the brain

Mayer

Quadros

Vogel

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BHV-5) is a major agent of meningoencephalitis in cattle and establishes latent infections mainly in sensory nerve ganglia. The distribution of latent BHV-5 DNA in the brain of rabbits prior to and after virus reactivation was studied using a nested PCR. Fifteen rabbits inoculated intranasally with BHV-5 were euthanized 60 days post-inoculation (group A, N = 8) or submitted to dexamethasone treatment (2.6 mg kg -1 day -1 , im, for 5 days) and euthanized 60 days later (group B, N = 7) for tissue examination. Two groups of BHV-1-infected rabbits (C, N = 3 and D, N = 3) submitted to each treatment were used as controls. Viral DNA of group A rabbits was consistently detected in trigeminal ganglia (8/8), frequently in cerebellum (5/8), anterior cerebral cortex and pons-medulla (3/8) and occasionally in dorsolateral (2/8), ventrolateral and posterior cerebral cortices, midbrain and thalamus (1/8). Viral DNA of group B rabbits showed a broader distribution, being detected at higher frequency in ventrolateral (6/7) and posterior cerebral cortices (5/7), pons-medulla (6/7), thalamus (4/7), and midbrain (3/7). In contrast, rabbits inoculated with BHV-1 harbored viral DNA almost completely restricted to trigeminal ganglia and the distribution did not change post-reactivation. These results demonstrate that latency by BHV-5 is established in several areas of the rabbit's brain and that virus reactivation leads to a broader distribution of latent viral DNA. Spread of virus from trigeminal ganglia and other areas of the brain likely contributes to this dissemination and may contribute to the recrudescence of neurological disease frequently observed upon BHV-5 reactivation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BHV-5 is very neuroinvasive and neurovirulent in both the natural host (19)(20)(21) and in animal models (4,(21)(22)(23)(24). The ensuing neurological disease is often fatal, yet cases of mild infection followed by clinical recovery or even subclinical neurological infection seem not to be rare (4,5,19,20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dexamethasone-induced reactivation of bovine herpesvirus type 5 latent infection in experimentally infected rabbits results in a broader distribution of latent viral DNA in the brain

Mayer

Quadros

Vogel

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…The virus invades all areas of the central nervous system by neuron-to-neuron spread, using the olfactory and trigeminal pathways [82]. In a rabbit model of infection, the olfactory pathway has indeed been shown to be the main route of infection of the central nervous system [68]. Cell-to-cell transmission without extracellular phase and in the absence of specific antibodies has been demonstrated for BoHV-1.…”

Section: Bovine Herpesvirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruminant alphaherpesviruses related to bovine herpesvirus 1

et al. 2006

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-Herpesviruses have mainly co-evolved with their hosts for millions of years. Consequently, different related host species may have been infected by various genetically related herpesviruses. Illustrating this concept, several ruminant alphaherpesviruses have been shown to form a cluster of viruses closely related to bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1): namely bovine herpesvirus 5, bubaline herpesvirus 1, caprine herpesvirus 1, cervid herpesviruses 1 and 2 and elk herpesvirus 1. These viruses share common antigenic properties and the serological relationships between them can be considered as a threat to BoHV-1 eradication programmes. BoHV-1 is a herpesvirus responsible for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, which is a disease of major economic concern. In this article, the genetic properties of these ruminant alphaherpesviruses are reviewed on a comparative basis and the issue of interspecific recombination is assessed. The pathogenesis of these infections is described with emphasis on the host range and crossing of the host species barrier. Indeed, the non bovine ruminant species susceptible to these ruminant alphaherpesviruses may be potential BoHV-1 reservoirs. The differential diagnosis of these related infections is also discussed. In addition, available epidemiological data are used to assess the potential of cross-infection in ruminant populations. A better knowledge of these ruminant alphaherpesvirus infections is essential to successfully control infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.

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“…However, the mechanisms of pathogenesis leading to the development of clinical disease are not completely understood. Viral pathogenesis involves virus replication in the nasal mucosa, axonal transport to the brain, virus replication and dissemination within the CNS, and the development of nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis (24,25). As demonstrated for BoHV-5 and other neurotropic alpha-herpesviruses, gE and TK gene products are important and necessary for virus dissemination and replication, respectively, in neural tissues (9,11,19,26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and growth properties of bovine herpesvirus type 5 recombinants defective in the glycoprotein E or thymidine kinase gene or both

Brum

Weiblen

Flores

et al. 2010

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Spread of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BHV-5) in the rabbit brain after intranasal inoculation

Cited by 41 publications

References 31 publications

Dexamethasone-induced reactivation of bovine herpesvirus type 5 latent infection in experimentally infected rabbits results in a broader distribution of latent viral DNA in the brain

Dexamethasone-induced reactivation of bovine herpesvirus type 5 latent infection in experimentally infected rabbits results in a broader distribution of latent viral DNA in the brain

Ruminant alphaherpesviruses related to bovine herpesvirus 1

Construction and growth properties of bovine herpesvirus type 5 recombinants defective in the glycoprotein E or thymidine kinase gene or both

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