Spread of COVID-19 in Odisha (India) due to Influx of Migrants and Stability Analysis using Mathematical Modelling

Abstract

This paper deals with the investigation on spread of COVID-19 and its stability analysis (both local and global stability) in Odisha, India. Being the second most populous country in the world, It is urgent need to investigate the spread and control of disease in India .However, due to diversity of vast population, uncertainty of infection, varying rate of recovery, state wise different COVID-19 induced death rate and non uniform quarantine policy of the states, it is strenuous to predict the spread and control of disease accurately in the country. So, it is crucial to study the aspects of disease in each state for the better prediction. We have considered the state Odisha (India) having population nearly equal to the population of Spain because the entry of huge migrants to the state suddenly enhanced the number of COVID-19 patients from below two hundred to more than eight hundred within one week even after forty days of lockdown period. We have developed SIAQR epidemic model fabricated with influx of out-migrants diagnosed at compartment (A) , then sent to the compartment (I) for treatment those have confirmed the disease and the remaining healthy individuals are sent to quarantine compartment (Q) for a period of twenty one days under surveillance and observation. The set of ordinary (nonlinear) differential equations are formulated and they are solved using Runge -Kutta fourth order method. The simulation of numerical data is performed using computer software MATLAB. As there is no specific treatment, vaccine or medicine available for the disease till the date, so the only intervention procedure called quarantine process is devised in this model to check the stability behaviour of the disease. The numerical and analytical results of the study show that the disease free equilibrium is locally stable when basic reproduction number is less than unity and unstable when it is more than unity. Further the study shows that it persists to endemic equilibrium for global stability when basic reproduction number greater than unity. As per the current trends ,this study shows that the prevalence of COVID -19 would remain nearly 250 to 300 days in Odisha as for as the infected migrants would have been entering to the state. This mathematical modelling embedded with important risk factor like migration could be adopted for each state that will be helpful for better prediction of the entire country and world.

Temporal Analysis of COVID - 19 Pandemic in India and R0 prediction

“…The key advantage of SEIR models is that it can accommodate additional compartments (such as Asymptomatic Class, Mildly Symptomatic, Hospitalized, Quarantined, etc.) as well as various factors that influence the transmission of the disease (Kumar et al;Das 2020;Dhanwant and Ramanathan 2020;Kumar 2020;Mandal et al 2020;Pandey et al 2020;Sardar et al 2020;Sarkar and Khajanchi 2020;Ranjan 2020). Researchers have exploited this modelling strategy extensively for study of the spread the COVID -19 pandemic where such factors such as lockdown implementations, migration, transport networks, influx of migrant workers have been considered for a near-accurate estimate of the when and how the pandemic can be controlled.…”

SDIQR mathematical modelling for COVID-19 of Odisha associated with influx of migrants based on Laplace Adomian decomposition technique

“…COVID-19 quintic compartments mathematical model(Rauta et al 2021) of Odisha is represented as follows:The initial conditions of present model are The values of parameters for the present model…”