Spread of HIV Infection in Married Monogamous Women in India

Gangakhedkar, Raman; Bentley, Margaret E.; Divekar, A; Gadkari, Deepak A.; Mehendale, Sanjay; Shepherd, Mary; Bollinger, Robert C.; Quinn, Thomas C.

doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03550230066039

Cited by 218 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

143

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…1,2 Their role as a bridge population between high-risk persons and the general population for transmitting STI/HIV has long been recognized. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Men and women working in a truck stand as transport agents or other occupations and living in, or in close proximity of, truck stands may be at higher risk for STI/HIV because of possible sexual mixing among truck drivers, sex workers, and those persons working/living in truck stand setting. 3,9,10 Copyright © 2007, American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association All rights reserved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk Factors Among Truck Stand Workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Alam

Rahman²,

Gausia

et al. 2007

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective-This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of selected sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and their risk factors among workers in and near a truck stand in Dhaka, Bangladesh.Study Design-A random sample of 696 men and 206 women were recruited into a cross-sectional study using a census that enumerated transport agents, motor mechanics, laborers, and vendors in Tejgaon truck stand.Results-The prevalence rates of syphilis (rapid plasma reagin and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination), gonorrhea (polymerase chain reaction [PCR]), and chlamydial infections (PCR) among men were 4.1%, 7.7%, and 2.3%, respectively, and among women were 2.9%, 8.3%, and 5.2%. Multivariable analysis revealed that having ≥2 sex partners in the last month, never using a condom with sex workers, and ever injecting narcotics were significant predictors of STI among men. Being never married, working as a laborer, older age, and living within the truck stand were significant predictors of practicing high-risk behaviors among men, but none predicted infection with STIs.Conclusions-Both behavioral and STI data suggest that truck stand workers should be included in the STI/HIV intervention programs.Long distance truckers and their helpers are considered at especially high risk for contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs). 1,2 Their role as a bridge population between high-risk persons and the general population for transmitting STI/HIV has long been recognized. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Men and women working in a truck stand as transport agents or other occupations and living in, or in close proximity of, truck stands may be at higher risk for STI/HIV because of possible sexual mixing among truck drivers, sex workers, and those persons working/living in truck stand setting. 3,9,10 Copyright © 2007, American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association All rights reserved. Materials and Methods Study Design, Site, and PopulationWe conducted a cross-sectional study among adult men aged 15 to 55 years and women aged 15 to 49 years working in the Tejgaon truck stand of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. The target population included individuals working as transport agents, motor mechanics, laborers, and small vendors in the truck stop for more than 3 months before the time of the study, but excluded truck drivers and their helpers. We identified 1649 men and 423 women working in the truck stand through a 2000 census in this community. A random sample of 839 men and 236 women was selected using probability sampling. Approval of the study was obtained from the ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research, Bangladesh ethical review committee. Data CollectionStudy interviewers visited the workplaces and/or residences of all selected subjects and invited them to our clinics to participate. Written informed consent was obtained from each enrolled subject. Sociodemographic and behavioral information were collected by same-sex interviewers using semistructured questionnaires. Trained physicians examined the participa...

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk Factors Among Truck Stand Workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Alam

Rahman²,

Gausia

et al. 2007

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus our findings using local laboratory workers are similar to those of other researchers in multiple international settings. Recently investigators in several Asian countries have reported that infected husbands are the main cause of HIV infection among unsuspecting wives, thereby stimulating interest in testing and partner notification programmes (Gangakhedkar et al 1997;Nagachinta et al 1997). Others have stressed the importance of HIV testing and short dose zidovudine treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission (CDC 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local evaluation of a rapid HIV assay for use in developing countries

Myint¹,

Frerichs²,

Oo³

et al. 1999

Tropical Med Int Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryWe present a research scheme for evaluating inexpensive HIV rapid tests in a developing country setting and assess the field validity of the SeroؒStrip HIV 1/2 rapid test. The research design features the random allocation of 100 true HIV-positive and 100 true HIV-negative serum specimens to 4 groups, followed by blind testing for HIV status. After one short training session, laboratory technicians at 4 township hospitals (25-35 beds) located 20-50 km from Yangon, Myanmar were sent 800 sera labelled with only an identification number and divided into four groups of 200 specimens each, half being HIV-positive and half HIVnegative. Testing was done in the field with the SeroؒStrip HIV 1/2. Determination of the test's validity was based on 399 true HIV positive and 401 true HIV negative sera. All true positives were correctly identified, as were all but two of the true negatives. The sensitivity (% of true positives that test positive) was 100%, and the specificity (% of true negatives that test negative) was 99.5%. The research was completed by in-country scientists who are best suited to evaluate the validity of HIV tests conducted in local environments.

show abstract

“…7,8 The validity of this model has been supported by observations that heterosexuals, many of whom have no identified risk, currently are the fastest growing population of newly HIV-infected persons, both in the United States 9,10 and in the developing world. 11 These statistics strongly recommend the continued delivery of HIV prevention messages to broad, general populations such as pregnant women, as well as to smaller groups with defined high-risk factors. 8,12 There are compelling reasons to offer HIV education in urban prenatal clinics in particular, because several factors identified in the current study suggest that their clientele are at higher risk for HIV infection than other American women of childbearing age: a large proportion have a history of a previous sexually transmissible infection, they report relatively high numbers of lifetime sexual partners, and a small but measurable proportion of subjects have traded sex for *"High Risk" was assigned if the subject reported Ն10 lifetime sexual partners and either suspected or was certain that their main partner was having sexual relations with another woman.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Related Risk-Taking Behaviors in Women Attending Inner-City Prenatal Clinics in the Mid-West

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE:Federal guidelines recommend the provision of human immunodeficiency virus education to all attendees of prenatal clinics. The current study was conducted to assess risk-taking behaviors among urban women voluntarily pursuing prenatal care. DESIGN AND SETTING:African American women attending urban prenatal clinics in Cleveland, Ohio were subjected to an extensive interview before receiving an experimental AIDS education curriculum. The interview sought detailed information regarding demographics, lifetime and recent sexual activity, condom use, and lifetime and recent illicit drug use. RESULTS:A total of 1017 women were interviewed; of these women, ϳ73% were single. The majority had a monthly income of less than $500. A total of 66% had only one partner in the past year, and almost 90% had Յ1 partner in the past 6 months. A total of 98% identified a main partner. Nearly all subjects were at least fairly certain that this partner did not use intravenous drugs, and 71% were at least fairly certain that he was monogamous. Only 19% used condoms most or all the time. Intravenous drug use among study subjects was very infrequent. CONCLUSION:These data indicate that inner-city Cleveland women seeking prenatal care are largely monogamous around the time of their gestation, and that a history of intravenous drug use is infrequent. They suggest that prenatal counseling in urban clinics will need to address women who largely are engaged in single-partner relationships at the time of the intervention.The mandate to provide voluntary prenatal testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was strengthened by the discovery that intragestational administration of zidovudine can prevent vertical transmission of virus. 1 However, anonymous serosurveys have indicated that most women presenting in labor are uninfected, even in areas in which the incidence of HIV infection is high. 2 Therefore, guidelines established by the American Academy of Pediatrics, 3 the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 4 and the federal government 5 continue to emphasize the pressing need to provide HIV counseling as well as serologic screening during the prenatal period as a principal means of preventing infection in mothers and reducing the incidence of HIV infection in children.However, the rational design of prenatal counseling programs requires that the degree of risk-taking behavior, particularly unprotected or promiscuous sexual activity or intravenous drug use, be assessed in the population for whom the education is designed. There are few reports documenting the degree of HIV-related risky behavior practiced by women attending prenatal clinics. Therefore, the following survey was completed to assess the AIDS risks of women voluntarily pursuing prenatal care in inner-city clinics in Cleveland, Ohio, to help guide the design of perigestational interventions. METHODSStudy subjects were pregnant African American women attending one of five prenatal clinics in economically disadvantaged, geographically distinct neighborhoods in C...

show abstract

Spread of HIV Infection in Married Monogamous Women in India

Cited by 218 publications

References 10 publications

Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk Factors Among Truck Stand Workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk Factors Among Truck Stand Workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Local evaluation of a rapid HIV assay for use in developing countries

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Related Risk-Taking Behaviors in Women Attending Inner-City Prenatal Clinics in the Mid-West

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About