Spring emergence of CanadianDelia radicumand synchronization with its natural enemy,Aleochara bilineata

Abstract

Abstract-To characterize time of spring emergence following post-diapause development, Delia radicum (L.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and southwestern Ontario were collected in fall, maintained over winter at 1 uC, then transferred to higher constant temperatures until adult emergence. At each location there were ''early'' and ''late'' phenotypes. Truncated normal models of temperature dependency of development rate were fitted for each phenotype from each location. We provide the first evidence of geographic variation in the criteria separating these phenotypes. Separation criteria and models for early and late phenotypes at the two prairie locations, approximately 700 km apart, were indistinguishable, but differed from those for Ontario. Prairie phenotypes developed more slowly than Ontario phenotypes, and more prairie individuals were of the late phenotype. Poor synchronization of spring emergence could impair predation of D. radicum eggs by adult Aleochara bilineata Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Aleochara bilineata from Manitoba were reared and development rates modelled as for D. radicum. Models of development rates for the two species, when combined with simulated soil temperatures for two prairie locations, suggest that emergence of adult A. bilineata is well synchronized with availability of D. radicum eggs in prairie canola.

Rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Ontario, Canada soybean agroecosystems: assemblage diversity, composition, seasonality, and habitat use

“…2005). Richness and diversity may have been underestimated in 2010 fall hedgerows, as an asymptote was not reached. However, this is of minor importance, as the 2010 fall hedgerow assemblage was shown to be more species rich and diverse than that of soybean in the same year, despite this bias.…”

“…Rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) are recognised as important components of agroecosystems worldwide and are mostly known for their mitigation of agricultural yield loss by predation of diverse pest arthropods, such as spider mites in Japan (Kishimoto and Adachi 2008), cereal aphids in central Europe (Dennis and Wratten 1991), horn flies in Florida (Hu and Frank 1995), and cabbage maggots in central Canada (Andreassen et al 2010). Most of our knowledge about staphylinids in agroecosystems is based on research in Europe (e.g., Clough et al 2007;Balog et al 2008), where the rove beetle assemblages are comprised mostly of generalist predators.…”

Effects of temperature on pupal and egg development of Euphranta connexa, a candidate biological control agent for invasive swallow‐worts in North America

“…Preliminary analysis suggested that some pupal development had occurred prior to the start of the 2011 and 2012 pupal development experiments. To allow results from both experiments to contribute to parameter estimates, Taylor's () equation was inverted, to produce a reciprocal model predicting days to emergence (Andreassen et al., ), and the term D p was introduced: where Experiment_Code was 0 for the 2011 experiment and 1 for the 2012 experiment. As pupae were randomly allocated to temperature treatments in each experiment, D p is an estimate of the average difference in days between experiments in the amount of prior pupal development.…”

Alterations in Ferrisia gilli (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) phenology in California pistachios and potential impacts on controls

“…For example, models using heat units improve pest management decisions for codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), by providing information about its seasonal dynamics that impact timing insecticide applications (Barnett et al 1991, Knight 2007). Other tactics, such as biological control, are similarly dependent on pest phenology since natural enemies often target-specific life stages (Mills 1992) and need to synchronize with the pest for long-term control (Stiling 1993, Andreassen et al 2010). Ferrisia gilli 's phenology is described in Haviland et al (2012): nymphs of the overwintered F. gilli population migrate from their protected locations in the cracks and crevices of the tree trunk, to scaffolds and smaller tree branches in April and May as the tree begins to leaf out.…”