Spring emergence schedules and vernal behavior of Richardson's ground squirrels: why do males emerge from hibernation before females?

Michener, Gail R.

doi:10.1007/bf00366653

Cited by 119 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Like in other hibernators (e.g. Murie and Harris 1982;Michener 1983), male hamsters appeared in advance of females (Franceschini and Millesi 2005). After female emergence in spring, the mating period started.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Reproductive performance in female common hamsters

Franceschini-Zink

Millesi

2008

Zoology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Reproductive performance in female common hamsters

Franceschini-Zink

Millesi

2008

Zoology

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“…However, the adaptive significance is not fully understood (reviewed by Morbey and Ydenberg 2001). Protandry has been reported from, e.g., nematodes (Grewal et al 1993), spiders (Gunnarsson and Johnsson 1990), grasshoppers (Wang et al 1990), arthropods (Thornhill and Alcock 1983), ground squirrels (Michener 1983), and fish (Morbey 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sex-differentiated migration patterns, protandry and phenology in North European songbird populations

Tøttrup

Thorup

2007

J Ornithol

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This study aims to investigate causes and mechanisms controlling protandrous migration patterns (the earlier breeding area arrival of males relative to females) and inter-sexual differences in timing of migration in relation to the recent climate-driven changes in phenology. Using standardised ringing data from a single site for eight North European migratory passerines collected throughout 22 years, we analysed sex-differentiated migration patterns, protandry and phenology of the entire populations. Our results show protandrous patterns for the first as well as later arriving individuals for all studied species. Males show more synchronous migration patterns compared to females and, hence, first arriving females followed males more closely than later arriving individuals. However, we found no inter-sexual differences in arrival trends as both sexes advance spring arrival over time with the largest change for the first arriving individuals. These findings seem in support of the ''mate opportunity'' hypothesis, as the arrival of males and females is strongly coupled and both sexes seem to compete for early arrival. Changes in timing of arrival in males and females as a response to climatic changes may influence subsequent mating decisions, with subsequent feedbacks on population dynamics such as reproductive success and individual fitness. However, during decades of consistent earlier spring arrival in all phases of migration we found no evidence of inter-sexual phenological differences.

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“…However, for any given male, the emergence time that maximizes his contribution to the next generation may depend on the timing and pattern of emergence of other males in the population (Iwasa et al, 1983;Parker and Courtney 1983;Thornhill and Alcock 1983;Zonneveld 1996). Because evaluating the lifetime number of offspring sired by males is time consuming or diffi cult, empirical studies use correlates of male reproductive success such as access to females or opportunities to mate (Botterweg 1982;Michener 1983;Parker and Courtney 1983;Elgar and Pierce 1988;Hastings 1989;Wang et al, 1990;Zonneveld 1992;Wiklund et al, 1996;Carvalho et al, 1998), mating success (Wiklund and Fagerstrom 1977). Diel periodicities of adult emergence for three species of Chironomidae and one Caenidae from a Perth wetland were recorded during spring and summer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence periodicity of Phlebotomus argentipes annandale and brunetti (Diptera: psychodidae): A laboratory study

et al. 2009

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Phlebotomus argentipes Annandale and Brunetti (Diptera : Psychodidae) is the vector for visceral leishmaniasis in India. The aspects of its biology such as feeding and man vector contact are associated with emergence periodicity of the adult. Hence, the present study was made to fi nd out the actual emergence period of P. argentipes. Wild caught P. argentipes were confi ned in the rearing pots inside laboratory. The newly emerged adults were collected at hourly intervals and released in to separate polythene bags and were held at 4°C till death. Sand fl ies were segregated sex-wise after the death under a microscope. The emergence of adult was observed throughout the day. However, the male preferred dawn emergence and the female the dusk. Two peaks of emergence were found in a day; fi rst one in the morning (0900h) and the second one in the evening (1800h). The ratio of both sexes was found to be about equal. The emergence of adult was found to be 77% out of total eggs laid, which was completed within 7-10 days from the 1st day of emergence under laboratory conditions (25°C to 31°C and 70% to 75% relative humidity). This study has important bearings to fi nd out the actual time for personal protection against biting of sand fl ies to prevent the transmission of Kala-azar.

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Spring emergence schedules and vernal behavior of Richardson's ground squirrels: why do males emerge from hibernation before females?

Cited by 119 publications

References 29 publications

Reproductive performance in female common hamsters

Reproductive performance in female common hamsters

Sex-differentiated migration patterns, protandry and phenology in North European songbird populations

Emergence periodicity of Phlebotomus argentipes annandale and brunetti (Diptera: psychodidae): A laboratory study

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