Spring-Mass Behavior during Exhaustive Run at Constant Velocity in Elite Triathletes

Rabita, Giuseppe; Slawinski, Jean; Girard, Olivier; Bignet, Frank; Hausswirth, Christophe

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181fb3793

Cited by 60 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Consequently, we assume that muscle damage was the cause for the decrease in the stiffness of the muscletendon-complex and accordingly, F m1LH . Our result is in line with previous studies investigating the effect of exhausting stretch-shortening cycle exercise (Avela andKomi 1998, Toumi et al 2006) or an exhaustive run (Rabita et al 2011) on leg stiffness.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…13 (Anliker et al 2011, Anliker andToigo 2012). The measured decrease in stiffness during m1LH might provide further information about the underlying fatigue mechanisms because leg stiffness is negatively correlated with contact time and positively correlated with maximal ground reaction force (Rabita et al 2011). Based on a theoretical model (Morgan 1990) and animal experiments (Gregory et al 2007), we assume that the reduced stiffness was due to muscle damage (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Ironman triathlon reduces neuromuscular performance due to impaired force transmission and reduced leg stiffness

Mueller

Knechtle

et al. 2014

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Purpose: An Ironman triathlon is associated with changes in body composition as well as decreases in neuromuscular function. While the changes in body composition occurring during an Ironman are well investigated, comprehensive data on the changes in neuromuscular performance are scarse. In the present study, we investigated the mechanical alterations underlying reported reductions in maximal muscular force and power after an Ironman race in men. Methods: Before and directly after an Ironman, countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), and multiple one-legged hopping (m1LH) maneuvers were performed to assess fatigue-related alterations in mechanical variables in thirteen male nonprofessional triathletes. Results: During CMJ, peak power (P = 0.003), peak velocity (P < 0.001), jump height (P = 0.007), and rate of force development (P = 0.042) decreased during the Ironman. Total (P < 0.001) and positive (P = 0.003) impulses during a CMJ were reduced after the triathlon, while both negative impulses did not differ pre to post Ironman. Absolute peak force remained constant during CMJ (P = 0.200) and SJ (P = 0.764). Maximal voluntary ground reaction force (F m1LH , P < 0.001) and peak stiffness (P = 0.003) during m1LH were decreased after the Ironman. Conclusions: The reduced CMJ height was a result of the lower positive impulse. Therefore, the neuromuscular deficit after the Ironman race was due to impairments in force transmission, resulting in a lower average positive force during CMJ, because of a slower rate of force development. The decreased F m1LH could be partly explained by reduced leg stiffness.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ironman triathlon reduces neuromuscular performance due to impaired force transmission and reduced leg stiffness

Mueller

Knechtle

et al. 2014

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…To our knowledge, only Slawinski et al (2008) and Rabita et al (2011) studied changes in spring-mass behavior and stiffness with fatigue during middle-distance running exercises (*6 and *11 min, respectively), while Dutto and Smith (2002) and Hunter and Smith (2007) explored them during longer runs (*60 min). These authors found contrasted results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-intensity sprint fatigue does not alter constant-submaximal velocity running mechanics and spring-mass behavior

et al. 2011

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We investigated the changes in constant velocity spring-mass behavior after high intensity sprint fatigue in order to better interpret the results recently reported after ultra-long distance (ULD) exercises. Our hypothesis was that after repeated sprints (RS), subjects may likely experience losses of force such as after ULD, but the necessity to modify their running pattern to attenuate the overall impact at each step (such as after ULD) may not be present. Eleven male subjects performed four sets of five 6-s sprints with 24-s recovery between sprints and 3 min between sets, on a sprint treadmill and on a bicycle ergometer. For each session, their running mechanics and spring-mass characteristics were measured at 10 and 20 km h(-1) on an instrumented treadmill before and after RS. Two-way (period and velocity) ANOVAs showed that high-intensity fatigue did not induce any change in the constant velocity running pattern at low or high velocity, after both running and cycling RS, despite significant decreases (P < 0.001) in maximal power (-27.1 ± 8.2% after running RS and -15.4 ± 11.5 % after cycling RS) and knee extensors maximal voluntary force (-18.8 ± 6.7 % after running RS and -15.0 ± 7.6 % after cycling RS). These results bring indirect support to the hypothesis put forward in recent ULD studies that the changes in running mechanics observed after ULD are likely not related to the decrease in strength capabilities, but rather to the necessity for subjects to adopt a protective running pattern.

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“…Additionally, the potential link with the energy cost of running [24,25] is a crucial factor of human running performance [26]; for moderate intensity Heise and Martin found an inverse relationship between aerobic demand and stiffness [25]. For severe intensity, Dalleau et al [24], Slawinski et al [20], and Rabita et al [19], confirmed that, during a constant-velocity, time-to-exhaustion run on track or treadmill, the same inverse relationship was observed. This inverse relationship was confirmed by a study showing that heavyweight training induced an improvement in running economy, most likely due to the associated increase in lower limb stiffness [27].…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Research into how vertical or leg stiffness are altered with fatigue during or after short-(i.e. repeated sprint [14][15][16][17]), moderate- [18][19][20][21] or long-duration runs (i.e. several hours [22,23]) is undergoing unprecedented popularity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Limb Mechanical Properties: Significant References Omitted

Morin¹,

Girard²,

Slawinski³

et al. 2012

Sports Med

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International audienceWe read with attention the recent narrative literature review by Pearson and McMahon [1]. We were very surprised and quite disappointed by the amount of relevant literature omitted by the authors on lower limb mechanical properties and, specifically, how ‘limb stiffness’ could affect performance and risk of injury. Although this review focuses on muscle-tendon unit (MTU) stiffness, the more global vertical, leg and joint stiffness (i.e. referred to as limb stiffness, collectively) are also reviewed, as the authors assume that limb stiffness is primarily controlled by MTU stiffness

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Spring-Mass Behavior during Exhaustive Run at Constant Velocity in Elite Triathletes

Cited by 60 publications

References 36 publications

An Ironman triathlon reduces neuromuscular performance due to impaired force transmission and reduced leg stiffness

An Ironman triathlon reduces neuromuscular performance due to impaired force transmission and reduced leg stiffness

High-intensity sprint fatigue does not alter constant-submaximal velocity running mechanics and spring-mass behavior

Lower Limb Mechanical Properties: Significant References Omitted

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