Spring Soft Wheat Hybrids Inheritance of Quantitative Characteristics

Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the selection of spring wheat inthe conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. Field trials have been carried out and anassessment has been made for the F1 and F2 generation hybrids obtained by crossing.Evaluation was carried out on 29 hybrid combinations, the parental forms of whichwere local varieties allowed for cultivation and foreign genotypes.The quantitativeassessment included indicators of productive bushiness, graininess, grain weight perear and 1000 seeds weight.Selection based on genetic information was carried outusing the KATU W-51 marker developed for the TaDr1 gene of a transcriptionrepressor involved in the adaptation mechanism in response to drought. The mostsuccessful hybrid combinations of interest in terms of drought tolerance andproductivity in contrasting moisture conditions in Northern Kazakhstan have beenidentified.These hybrids were distinguished by over-dominance and positivetransgression over the parental forms when inheriting traits. The combinations♀H749-4×♂Akmola 2, ♀Br.Line-Z2×♂Saratovskaya 60, ♀Br.Line-Z2 ×♂Karagandinskaya 31, ♀Altayskaya zhnitsa × ♂Br.line Z2, ♀MMF177 ×♂Altayskaya zhnitsa were identified as the best F1 hybrids in terms of the degree ofdominance over parental forms. Hybrids F2♀ Karabalykskaya 92 × ♂Br.Line - S27,♀Karagandinskaya 70 × ♂Line-20 were distinguished by positive transgression for aweakly inherited trait of productive bushiness. According to the indicator of the massof 1000 seeds positive transgression was shown by the combinations♀Shortandinskaya 95 × ♂Omskaya 30, ♀Karabalykskaya 92 × ♂Br.Line-S27,♀Akmola 2 × ♂Omskaya 30, ♀Aktyubinka × ♂Н1142, ♀Erythrospermum ×♂Br.Line-S45. As a result of genotyping, hybrids were identified that showed gooddivision into alleles: Tertsiya× Br.Line-Z3, Karabalykskaya92 × Br.Line-S27,Shortandinskaya 95 ul. × Br.Line-F45, Shortandinskaya 95ul. × H1142-1

Ameliorating Spring Wheat Productivity in Drought Conditions: Identification of Correlations of Rht (-b1a, -b1b, d1a, d1b) Semi-dwarfism Genes and Coarse-Grained TaGW8-b1a, TaGS 5–3a

“…Kazakhstan varietes of breeding reacted differently to conditions in two agroecological zones; the most significant differences in PH were noted in Erythrospermum varietes 35 by 56.45 cm, Astana by 41.1 cm, Aktyubinka by 39.2 cm, Karabalykskaya 25 by 23.7 cm, Akmola 2 by 22.8 cm lower in the central part of the country. Russian varieties Saratovskaya 66 by 21.4 cm and Lutestsens 141 by 7.4 cm also showed lower results in Central Kazakhstan (Zotova et al, 2023). The PH of the hybrids obtained in the two agroecological zones did not differ significantly.…”

The Impact of RHT Gene Alleles on the Yield of Spring Wheat Under Drought Conditions

“…The hybrids in Central Kazakhstan exhibited a lower plant height compared to the Northern region, ranging from 0.9 to 18%, with the WH147 hybrid being 6% taller. The five-year average values of PH for maternal forms were 51.6±0.98 cm (p<0.01), paternal forms -62.3±2.5 cm (p<0.05), and hybrid forms -53.5±2.2 cm (p>0.05) [27]. This reduction in PH is crucial for improving wheat yield under drought conditions, as shorter plants are less prone to lodging and more efficient in water use.…”