Springtime Arctic aerosol: Smoke versus haze, a case study for March 2008

Stock, M.; Ritter, Christoph; Herber, Andreas; Hoyningen‐Huene, W. von; Baibakov, Konstantin; Gräser, J.; Orgis, Thomas; Treffeisen, Renate; Zinoviev, Nikita S.; Makshtas, Alexander; Dethloff, Klaus

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.06.051

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, Stock et al (2011) have already reported higher AOD values over the more remote Russian drifting station NP-35 than over Ny-Å lesund. Moreover, Toledano et al (2012) gave an overview of sun photometer measurements at different Arctic sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…On the other hand, our knowledge of precise microphysical properties of Arctic aerosols (size distribution, shape, index of refraction) is still limited. While the phenomenon of Arctic haze for accumulation mode particles mainly consisting of sulphates and soot has been known for many years (Shaw, 1995;Quinn et al, 2007), recently biomass burning was also found to be one of the important sources of Arctic air pollution (Warneke et al, 2009;Stock et al, 2011) even in early spring. *Corresponding author.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Where does the optically detectable aerosol in the European Arctic come from?

Stock¹,

Ritter²,

Aaltonen

et al. 2014

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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A B S T R A C T In this paper, we pose the question where the source regions of the aerosol, which occurs in the European Arctic, are located. Long-term aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from Ny-Å lesund and Sodankyla¨as well as short-term data from a campaign on a Russian drifting station were analysed by air backtrajectories, analysis of the general circulation pattern and a correlation to chemical composition from in-situ measurements. Surprisingly, our data clearly shows that direct transport of pollutants from Europe does not play an important role. Instead, Arctic haze in Ny-Å lesund has been found for air masses from the Eastern Arctic, while events with increased AOD but chemically more diverse composition have been found for air from Siberia or the central Arctic. Moreover, the AOD in Ny-Å lesund does not depend on the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Hence, either the pollution pathways of aerosol are more complex or aerosol is significantly altered by clouds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where does the optically detectable aerosol in the European Arctic come from?

Stock¹,

Ritter²,

Aaltonen

et al. 2014

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Lidars also provide an indication of particle size from spectral channels and particle shape via the depolarization channels. The combined use of sunphotometers and lidar, accompanied by supplementary backward trajectories, satellite and other data, has been successfully applied to characterize Arctic aerosol events during the summer time (see, e.g., O'Neill et al, 2008a;Hoffmann et al, 2010;Stock et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronous polar winter starphotometry and lidar measurements at a High Arctic station

Baibakov¹,

O’Neill²,

Ivanescu³

et al. 2015

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. We present recent progress on nighttime retrievals of aerosol and cloud optical properties over the PEARL (Polar Environmental Atmospheric Research Laboratory) station at Eureka (Nunavut, Canada) in the High Arctic (80 • N, 86 • W). In the spring of 2011 and 2012, a star photometer was employed to acquire aerosol optical depth (AOD) data, while vertical aerosol and cloud backscatter profiles were measured using the CANDAC Raman Lidar (CRL). We used a simple backscatter coefficient threshold (β thr ) to distinguish aerosols from clouds and, assuming that aerosols were largely fine mode (FM)/sub-micron, to distinguish FM aerosols from coarse mode (CM)/super-micron cloud or crystal particles. Using prescribed lidar ratios, we computed FM and CM AODs that were compared with analogous AODs estimated from spectral star photometry. We found (β thr dependent) coherences between the lidar and star photometer for both FM events and CM cloud and crystal events with averaged, FM absolute differences being <∼ 0.03 when associated R 2 values were between 0.2 and 0.8. A β thr sensitivity study demonstrated that zero crossing absolute differences and R 2 peaks were in comparable regions of the β thr range (or physical reasons were given for their disparity). The utility of spectral vs. temporal cloud screening of star photometer AODs was also illustrated. In general our results are critical to building confidence in the physical fidelity of derived, weak amplitude, star photometry AODs and, in turn, towards the development of AOD climatologies and validation databases for polar winter models and satellite sensors.

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“…Special concern is directed on biomass and diesel combustion sources which degrade the Arctic air quality by depositing BC on snow and melting icecaps (Matsui et al, 2011). Seasonal BB activities in Siberia may double the climate-relevant species, including BC and organic aerosols (Warneke et al, 2010), and cause the pronounced pollution event of "Arctic smoke" (Stock et al, 2012). Despite the concerns about environmental significance of millions of tons of PM emitted by wildfires, systematic observations in Russia were performed only in a few places in Western and North-Eastern Siberia (Kozlov et al, 2008;Paris et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-Scale Study of Siberian Biomass Burning: I. Smoke Microstructure

Popovicheva

Kozlov

Engling

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Reliable assessment of the impact of Siberian boreal forest wildfires on the environment and climate necessitates an improved understanding of microphysical and chemical properties of emitted aerosols. Smoldering, flaming and mixed fires of typical Siberian biomass (pine and debris) were simulated during a small-scale study in a Large Aerosol Chamber (LAC). Individual particle analysis of PM 10 and PM 2.5 smoke morphology and elemental composition revealed a strong dependence on combustion temperature, i.e., a dominant abundance of soot agglomerates versus roughly spherical organic particles in the flaming and smoldering phase, respectively. Cluster analysis of smoke microstructure was used to apportion the emitted particles into major characteristic groups: Soot and Organic, which accounted for around 90% and 60% of total particle numbers emitted from the flaming and smoldering fires, respectively. Carbon fractions and inorganic ion analysis supported the identification of particle types representative of combustion phase and biomass type. Elemental carbon (EC) particles from flaming fires comprised approximately 25% of Group Soot, in good agreement with a high EC fraction in total carbon of around 65% and low organic carbon (OC)/EC ratio near 0.5. Smoldering fires of pine and debris produced exclusively organic particles with high OC/EC ratios of 194 and 34, respectively. Small quantities of elemental constituents in biomass were vaporized during combustion and produced internally/externally mixed fly ash in Group Ca-, Si-, and Fe-rich of significantly less abundance. Ca, Cl, S, and Mg were more frequently distributed elements in pine than debris smoke. Sulfates and nitrates produced from gas-to-particle reactions formed Group S-and N-rich. During time evolution of smoke volatile inorganic compounds were condensed as potassium chlorides and sulfates into a newly formed Group K,Cl-rich. Quantification of Siberian biomass smoke microstructure by chemical micromarkers enables aerosols to be classified with respect to a source type assigned to Siberian wildfires.

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Springtime Arctic aerosol: Smoke versus haze, a case study for March 2008

Cited by 26 publications

References 40 publications

Where does the optically detectable aerosol in the European Arctic come from?

Where does the optically detectable aerosol in the European Arctic come from?

Synchronous polar winter starphotometry and lidar measurements at a High Arctic station

Small-Scale Study of Siberian Biomass Burning: I. Smoke Microstructure

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