Sprinkler Droplet Energy Effects on Soil Penetration Resistance and Aggregate Stability and Size Distribution

Lehrsch, G.A.; Kincaid, D. C.

doi:10.1097/01.ss.0000227361.36922.ad

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…When averaged across years, seasons, and treatments, MWD at 0 to 5 mm was 1.07 mm, significantly less (P<0.033) than the 1.21 mm at 5 to 50 mm. Tillage, cultivation, early-season sprinkler droplet kinetic energy, repeated freezing and thawing, or any combination of these or other factors could have accounted for MWD, or other measures of soil structure, being less near the surface than at depth (Bullock et al, 1988;Lehrsch, 1998;Lehrsch and Kincaid, 2006).…”

Section: Radish Effects On Soil Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As summer progressed, repeated cultivation may have fractured larger but weaker aggregates to yield smaller but more stable aggregates, thus reducing MWD but increasing aggregate stability. This fracturing process or other temporal responses of Portneuf aggregates greater than and/or smaller than those analyzed for aggregate stability may have accounted for this surprising finding (Lehrsch and Kincaid, 2006). Also, the measurement of MWD, compared to stability, subjects aggregates to greater disruptive forces (Nimmo and Perkins, 2002).…”

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Oilseed Radish Effects on Soil Structure and Soil Water Relations

Lehrsch¹,

Gallian²

2010

JSBR

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Oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus spp. oleifera) reduces sugarbeet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) populations. Fall-incorporated radish biomass may also increase the yield and quality of subsequently grown sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) by improving soil physical and hydraulic properties. This field study determined radish effects on nearsurface soil aggregate stability, water-stable aggregate size distribution, bulk density, and field-saturated water content, as well as infiltration and hydraulic conductivity measured at water supply potentials of -40, -20, and +0 mm H 2 O. In 2003 and 2004 in Twin Falls, ID, radish were grown in a Portneuf silt loam (Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) for about 10 weeks in the fall, then incorporated later that fall by disking, followed by moldboard plowing. In early May of the following year, sugarbeet were planted, irrigated, then harvested for yield and quality. In the spring and fall of each sugarbeet growing season, soil samples were collected from two depths, 0 to 5 and 5 to 50 mm, on which we measured aggregate stability and size distribution by wet sieving. Soil cores were collected from 0 to 34 mm to measure bulk density. Also in spring and fall, we used ponded and tension infiltrometers placed in the row to measure steadystate, unconfined infiltration rates and, from those rates, to Additional key words: Raphanus sativus, cover crop, Beta vulgaris, aggregate stability, infiltration rate, hydraulic conductivity W ater use efficiency is increased by improving soil water relations, such as infiltration or water retention, for crops grown in rotation. Adding oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus spp. oleifera) as a temperate-region, non-legume green manure into crop rotations with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and/or sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) may enhance soil water relations.Green manures are crops that, while still green or soon after maturity, are incorporated into soil to improve the soil's physical, chemical, or biological properties and thereby increase the succeeding crop's yield, quality, or both (Cherr et al., 2006). Additions of organic matter, including that from an incorporated green manure, are commonly thought to increase soil organic carbon, aggregate stability, infiltration, and hydraulic conductivity (Martens and Frankenberger, 1992). Amendments can also reduce bulk density, alter soil pore size distributions, reduce a soil's susceptibility to erosion, and slow the formation of surface seals and crusts, thereby maintaining infiltration rates and thus delaying runoff (Bresson et al., 2001;Edmeades, 2003;Haynes & Naidu, 1998). Organic amendment effects on a soil's water-holding capacity (WHC) may or may not occur (Głąb and Kulig, 2008;MacRae and Mehuys, 1985). Adding organic matter may increase both the field capacity and permanent wilting point, resulting in little or no net change (Haynes & Naidu, 1998). Alternatively, such additions may decrease WHC, due to decreases in bulk density and chang...

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Section: Radish Effects On Soil Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oilseed Radish Effects on Soil Structure and Soil Water Relations

Lehrsch¹,

Gallian²

2010

JSBR

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“…Organic amendments also stimulate microbes to produce polysaccharides and other exudates that increase aggregate stability (Lehrsch 1995;Lehrsch et al 1991). Stable aggregates at and near the soil surface resist breakdown from raindrop or sprinkler droplet kinetic energy and sustain infiltration rates (Lehrsch and Kincaid 2001;2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compost and Manure Effects on Fertilized Corn Silage Yield and Nitrogen Uptake under Irrigation

Lehrsch

Kincaid

2007

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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Dairy manure increases the yields of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from eroded, furrow-irrigated soils and may increase corn (Zea mays L.) silage yield from steeper eroded areas under sprinkler irrigation. In a 2-year field study in southern Idaho on Portneuf silt loam (coarse silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid), the effects of a one-time, fall application of 29 or 72 Mg ha 21 of dry manure or 22 or 47 Mg ha 21 of dry compost on subsequent silage yield and nitrogen (N) uptake from previously eroded, sprinkler-irrigated hill slopes were evaluated. In October 1999, stockpiled or composted dairy manure was disked to a depth of 0.15 m into plots with slopes from 0.8 to 4.4%. After planting field corn in 2000 and 2001, a low-pressure, six-span traveling lateral sprinkler system was utilized to apply water at 28 mm h 21 in amounts sufficient to satisfy evapotranspiration to 6.4-Â 36.6-m field plots. Yields in 2000 were 27.5 Mg ha 21 , similar among all rates of all amendments and a fertilized control. In 2001, compost applied at oven-dry rates up to 47 Mg ha 21 increased yield compared to controls. Silage yield in 2001 increased initially then decreased with increasing manure applications. Where compost or manure was applied, regardless of rate, 2-year average N uptake was 15% greater than controls. Regardless of treatment or year, yields decreased linearly as soil slope increased.

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“…A second mechanism may have been a consequence of irrigation water droplet impact. In Study 2, the average 26% smaller tensile strength near the surface compared to the subsurface (Table 5) could have been due to sprinkler droplet kinetic energy fracturing a portion of the intra-aggregate, particle-to-particle bonds, thus weakening near-surface aggregates while having little or no effect on aggregates deeper in the profile (Lehrsch and Kincaid, 2006).…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant effects on soil aggregate tensile strength

2012

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Little is known regarding a soil aggregate's tensile strength response to surfactants that may be applied to alleviate soil water repellency. Two laboratory investigations were performed to determine surfactant effects on the tensile strength of 1) Ap horizons of nine wettable, agricultural soils collected from across the continental U.S., and 2) two of the nine soils (Latahco and Rad silt loams from the Pacific Northwest) that were sampled at two depths (5 and 15 mm) after being sprinkler irrigated. Along with an untreated control, three surfactants (an alkyl polyglycoside, an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer, and a blend of the two) were spray applied by hand at rates of 0, 1, 1.63, 3.35, 4.79, or 8.14 kg active ingredient ha −1 to 1) air-dry, loose soil in Study 1 and 2) field-moist, tamped soil in Study 2 before being irrigated with surfactant-free water at 88 mm h −1 twice, once for 0.33 h, then about 8 d later for 0.25 h. Tensile strength was measured on oven-dry, 4-to 6.35-mm-diameter aggregates (18 ≤ n ≤ 37) of known mass for each treatment using a load cell with an attached flat-tip probe moving at a constant 0.27-mm s −1 rate that applied continuous strain to each aggregate until it failed. In Study 1, tensile strength ranged widely, from 27 kPa for Adkins loamy sand to 486 kPa for Bolfar loam, averaged across surfactant treatments. Tensile strength for all nine surfactant-treated soils averaged 164 kPa, 7% greater (P = 0.099) than the control. In Study 2, surfactants significantly affected the tensile strength of Latahco but not Rad aggregates, when averaged across irrigations and sampling depths. After irrigation, aggregate tensile strength averaged 26% less (P b 0.001) at the 5-than 15-mm depth, likely due to droplet kinetic energy fracturing near-surface, intra-aggregate bonds or surfactant leaching. All told, tensile strength varied more by soil series and depth than by surfactants. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Sprinkler Droplet Energy Effects on Soil Penetration Resistance and Aggregate Stability and Size Distribution

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Oilseed Radish Effects on Soil Structure and Soil Water Relations

Oilseed Radish Effects on Soil Structure and Soil Water Relations

Compost and Manure Effects on Fertilized Corn Silage Yield and Nitrogen Uptake under Irrigation

Surfactant effects on soil aggregate tensile strength

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