Sprint Cycling Performance Is Maintained with Short-Term Contrast Water Immersion

Crampton, D. K.; Donne, B.; Egaña, Mikel; Warmington, Stuart A.

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31821d06d9

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, BLa was not different between CW15 and CW15+AE at any stage following the transition to Ex2. Therefore, we do not expect that BLa contributes to the improved performance in CW15+AE over that of CW15, similar to that which we have previously demonstrated (Crampton et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The four recovery interventions were: (a) CW15: cold water immersion at 15 °C; (b) AE: arm exercise without immersion; (c) CW15+AE: cold water immersion at 15 °C with arm exercise and (d) TW34+AE: thermoneutral water immersion at 34 °C with arm exercise. The immersion interventions were conducted as described previously (Crampton et al., ), with seated participants immersed to hip‐level and water temperature regulated to 15 °C for CW15 and 34 °C for TW34. Workload for AE was 40% of each individual's P max as determined from the arm‐cranking incremental test performed on day 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has practical implications for subsequent sprint exercise performance in particular, as it is well established that muscle cooling impairs contractile properties, thereby reducing the ability to generate maximum force (Sargeant, ; Bigland‐Ritchie et al., ; Ferretti et al., ; Cornwall, ). Interestingly, contrast water immersion improves recovery of sprint performance, presumably by restricting muscle cooling by employing brief alternating periods of cold and “hot” water immersion (Crampton et al., ). In any case, in the absence of a period to sufficiently facilitate muscle rewarming, CWI (hip‐level; ∼12 °C; 15–30 min) negatively affects subsequent Wingate sprint performance (Crowley et al., ; Schniepp et al., ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Including arm exercise during a cold water immersion recovery better assists restoration of sprint cycling performance

Crampton

Egaña

Donne

et al. 2014

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sprint (high-intensity) exercise performance is reduced when immediately preceded by cold water immersion (CWI). We aimed to investigate whether this performance effect could be attenuated by combining an active recovery (arm exercise) with hip-level CWI, and whether this attenuation may be related to an effect on core temperature (Tcore ). Participants (n = 8) completed three Wingate tests before (Ex1) and after (Ex2) four different 30-min recovery interventions: CWI at 15 °C (CW15), arm exercise during CWI at 15 °C (CW15+AE), arm exercise during thermoneutral immersion at 34 °C (TW34+AE) and non-immersed arm exercise (AE). After AE and TW34+AE, performance during Ex2 was not different from Ex1; while after CW15+AE and CW15, performance was reduced by 4.9% and 7.6%, respectively. Arm exercise maintained Tcore during recovery in CW15+AE, while it declined to a larger extent upon commencement of Ex2 (-0.9 °C) when compared with CW15 (-0.6 °C). This suggests similar leg muscle cooling during recovery in CW15 and CW15+AE. Without any other significant effects (e.g., on blood lactate), these data suggest that the improvement in sprint performance following an active CWI recovery, over CWI alone, may be related to maintained Tcore and its effect on neurophysiological mechanisms that drive muscle activation, but not by reduced muscle cooling.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Including arm exercise during a cold water immersion recovery better assists restoration of sprint cycling performance

Crampton

Egaña

Donne

et al. 2014

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since its introduction in the 1970s, this test has become the most commonly employed protocol for measuring anaerobic responses to exercise [1], and for assessing the effects of various experimental interventions on repeated sprint performance [2][3][4]. Traditional methods of quantifying power output during the 30WanT, using mechanically braked cycle ergometers, involve separating the test into six separate 5 s blocks, where peak power (PP) is the maximum power averaged over any 5 s period, and mean power (MP) is the average power maintained throughout the six 5 s segments [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test-retest reliability of the 30-sec Wingate Cycle Test in a trained male cohort

Malone

Blake

Caulfield

2014

IES

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND: Test-retest reliability of performing 1-2 bouts of a 30 s Wingate (30WanT) has been shown to improve by averaging 2 bouts. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether adding a 3 rd bout enhanced or decreased reliability. METHODS: On three occasions, 13 triathletes performed three 30WanT's on a cycle ergometer. Peak power (PP), mean power (MP) and fatigue index (FI) reliability across bouts (Intra-session) and days (Inter-session) were tested. Mean and % change between bouts, typical errors of measurement (TEM) and intra-class correlation co-efficient (ICC) were compared between consecutive pairs of bouts and 3 bouts. Single (1 & 2), averaged 2 ( 1+2) and 3 bout ( 1+2+3) between days using TEMs and ICCs were also compared. RESULTS: Intra-session ICCs for 2 and 3 bouts for PP, MP and FI showed strong reliability (> 0.7). Three bouts had lower TEM for MP, but 2 bouts had less TEM for PP and FI. Inter-session reliability ICCs were > 0.90 for PP, 0.94 for MP and 0.82 for FI for the 1, 2 and 3 bouts with no clear difference between. CONCLUSIONS: Performing 1, 2 and 3 bouts showed high to very high reliability, with a 3rd bout not clearly reducing TEM, and in some cases introducung more variability.

show abstract

“…Such immersion activity helps repair muscle damage 24) and remove metabolites produced by exercise 25) , through which the pre-exercise condition is rapidly restored in preparation for subsequent exercise. Crampton et al 26) investigated the influence of 30-minutes of contrast water immersion on recovery following sprint cycling, and observed its usefulness for maintaining, and even improving performance compared to recovery by sitting at rest on land. For contrast water immersion, immersion in 8°C (cold) and 40°C (hot) water, with water level at the iliac crest while in a siting position, was alternately repeated, and a high HR was maintained during immersion compared to that of a trial on land.…”

Section: Exercise Recovery By Water Immersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular responses in rest, exercise, and recovery phases in water immersion

Matsui

Onodera

2013

JPFSM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Water exercise is particularly important for lifestyle disease prevention and longterm care prevention, and is prevalent among the middle-aged and elderly population. During water immersion, buoyancy acts on the immersed body and the influence of gravity is reduced. In addition, cardiovascular responses, caused by blood shifts from the abdomen and legs to the thoracic region, occur due to water pressure, unlike in the case of land exercise. Resting water immersion at thermoneutral conditions (about 34°C water temperature) induces an increase in stroke volume, a reduction in heart rate, an increase in cardiac output, and a reduction of total peripheral vascular resistance, unlike resting on land. During water exercise and the recovery phase of water exercise, there are similar cardiovascular responses due to changes in blood flow. The water temperature and water level cause changes in these basic responses. It has been confirmed that water exercise does not lead to excessive responses in blood pressure, and is effective in cardiovascular rehabilitation. In addition, water immersion during the recovery phase after exercise has attracted attention as a rehabilitative exercise modality. Previous studies have suggested that the effects of immersion on cardiovascular response in the rest, exercise, and recovery phases provide benefits to the immersed person, but further studies are needed to confirm the effective application of the methods.

show abstract

Sprint Cycling Performance Is Maintained with Short-Term Contrast Water Immersion

Abstract: These data support contrast water immersion being effective in maintaining performance during a short-term recovery from sprint exercise. This effect needs further investigation but is likely explained by cardiovascular mechanisms, shown here by an elevation in HR upon each cold immersion.

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Including arm exercise during a cold water immersion recovery better assists restoration of sprint cycling performance

Including arm exercise during a cold water immersion recovery better assists restoration of sprint cycling performance

Test-retest reliability of the 30-sec Wingate Cycle Test in a trained male cohort

Cardiovascular responses in rest, exercise, and recovery phases in water immersion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About