Spruce Budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) Defoliation Promotes Vertical Fuel Continuity in Ontario’s Boreal Mixedwood Forest

Watt, Graham A.; Fleming, Richard A.; Smith, Sandy M.; Fortin, Marie‐Josée

doi:10.3390/f9050256

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana , being one of the most dangerous pests of conifers in North America [ 165 ], was selected as a target for screening of anti-insectan metabolites produced by endophytic fungi isolated from needles of some spruce species ( Picea mariana , P. rubens , P. glauca , etc. ), balsam fir ( Abies balsamea ) and American larch ( Larix laricina ).…”

Section: Low-molecular-weight Non-volatile Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemical Ecology Approach to Reveal Fungal Metabolites for Arthropod Pest Management

Berestetskiy

2021

Microorganisms

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Biorational insecticides (for instance, avermectins, spinosins, azadirachtin, and afidopyropen) of natural origin are increasingly being used in agriculture. The review considers the chemical ecology approach for the search for new compounds with insecticidal properties (entomotoxic, antifeedant, and hormonal) produced by fungi of various ecological groups (entomopathogens, soil saprotrophs, endophytes, phytopathogens, and mushrooms). The literature survey revealed that insecticidal metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi have not been sufficiently studied, and most of the well-characterized compounds show moderate insecticidal activity. The greatest number of substances with insecticidal properties was found to be produced by soil fungi, mainly from the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. Metabolites with insecticidal and antifeedant properties were also found in endophytic and phytopathogenic fungi. It was noted that insect pests of stored products are mostly low sensitive to mycotoxins. Mushrooms were found to be promising producers of antifeedant compounds as well as insecticidal proteins. The expansion of the number of substances with insecticidal properties detected in prospective fungal species is possible by mining fungal genomes for secondary metabolite gene clusters and secreted proteins with their subsequent activation by various methods. The efficacy of these studies can be increased with high-throughput techniques of extraction of fungal metabolites and their analysis by various methods of chromatography and mass spectrometry.

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Section: Low-molecular-weight Non-volatile Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemical Ecology Approach to Reveal Fungal Metabolites for Arthropod Pest Management

Berestetskiy

2021

Microorganisms

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“…Еловая листовёртка-почкоед Choristoneura fumiferana -один из наиболее опасных вредителей хвойных в Северной Америке, который приводит не только к дефолиации деревьев, но и к повышению пожароопасности в лесах (Watt et al, 2018). Этот вид был выбран в качестве мишени для скрининга продуцентов инсектицидных веществ среди эндофитов хвойных.…”

Section: эндофитыunclassified

Promising approaches to the search for fungal metabolites for management of arthropod pests

Берестецкий¹,

Lednev²,

Ху

2021

1727-1320

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Biorational insecticides of natural origin, such as avermectins, spinosins, azadirachtin and afidopyropen, are increasingly used in agriculture. The present paper reviews modern ecological, genomic, and biotechnological approaches to the search for new compounds with insecticidal properties (entomotoxic, antifeedant, and hormonal) produced by fungi of various ecological groups (entomopathogens, soil saprotrophs, endophytes, phytopathogens, and mushrooms). The literature survey showed that insecticidal metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi had not been sufficiently studied, and the majority of well-characterized compounds had showed moderate insecticidal activity. The greatest number of substances with insecticidal properties was found to be produced by soil fungi, mainly from the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. Metabolites with insecticidal and antifeedant properties were also found in endophytic and phytopathogenic fungi. Low sensitivity of insect pests of stored products (in particular, of grain) to mycotoxins was recorded. Mushrooms were found to be promising producers of antifeedant compounds as well as insecticidal proteins. It is possible to increase the number of substances with insecticidal properties detected in fungi not only by extension of the screening range but also by exploitation of diverse bioassay sytems and model insect species. Mining genomes for secondary metabolite gene clusters and secreted proteins with their subsequent activation by various methods allows for better understanding of the biosynthetic potential of the prospective strains. Efficacy of these studies can be increased with high-throughput techniques of fungal metabolites extraction and further analysis using chromatography and mass spectrometry. Insecticidal proteins detected in fungi can be used in the technologies for development of transgenic plant varieties resistant to pests, or hypervirulent bioinsecticides.

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“…For example, thorough studies of the white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) conifer endophyte Phialocephala scopiformis Kowalski DAOMC 229536 have revealed that it produces rugulosin in vitro and in planta, which demonstrates potent insecticidal toxicity to the spruce budworm pest (Miller et al 2008;Sumarah et al 2008;McMullin et al 2018) scopiformis inoculum have been effective in reducing the incidence of spruce budworm, with the endophyte persisting in needles for more than a decade following nursery inoculation (Miller et al 2008;Quiring et al 2020). Spruce budworm outbreaks have devastating defoliation and economic losses across Canada, and therefore the significance of establishing a non-labour intensive, widespread technique that persists for over a decade demonstrates the true potential of conifer endophytes and how their secondary metabolites can be utilized in effective, low-cost pest management strategies (Watt et al 2018). In comparison to traditional mitigation techniques (e.g., aerial application of insecticides) endophytes are more ecologically friendly as they will only impact insects grazing the host.…”

Section: Conifer Endophytes and Their Secondary Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Secondary Metabolites from Douglas-Fir Endophytes to Guide the Development of Applications Reducing Swiss Needle Cast

Graham

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Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is one of the most economically important softwood trees grown worldwide, although the past several decades have seen a decline in productivity due to infection of the endemic fungus Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii which causes the disease Swiss needle cast. Conifer endophytes have previously been shown to produce toxins in planta capable of mitigating herbivory and other pathogens. A bioassay was developed to assess the antifungal properties of culture filtrate extracts from 59 Douglas-fir endophytes against N. gaeumannii.Twenty-six strains that significantly inhibited the growth of N. gaeumannii were identified. In addition, 17 metabolites from Douglas-fir endophytes, including Xylaria hypoxylon, Rhabdocline parkeri, and Coleophoma sp. were isolated, including a new class of tetronates from R. parkeri.The aim of this study was to identify biologically active Douglas-fir endophyte extracts to direct future investigations profiling bioactive natural products. Endophytes that inhibit N. gaeumannii will be prioritized for future studies to determine their potential in forest management applications. I would like to first thank my supervisors Dr. David McMullin and Dr. Joey Tanney for providing me the opportunity to conduct this research and introducing me to the field of natural product chemistry. Your combined enthusiasm, kindness and knowledge has been invaluable and has taught me much about the importance of collaboration in research. While it's true that nothing's easy, I do feel that much of the challenge of the past two years has been alleviated by your expertise. I would like to specifically thank Joey Tanney for his work in collecting and identifying the fungal species included in this thesis, and David McMullin for knowing just the right amount to push. Thank you to Dr. Tyler Avis for being generous with his time to give advice regarding bioassays, statistical analysis, or anything else that I had a question about. Thank you to Dr. Mark Sumarah and Dr. Justin Renauld at Agriculture and Agri-food Canada for the acquisition of HRMS data. Thank you to Dr. Véronic Bezaire for inviting me to get involved in multiple opportunities to teach that I would not have considered otherwise. Much of what I have learned about effective scientific communication and the joy of being an educator has come from you. And thank you to Prof. David Miller for taking the time to provide advice and share what I'm sure is only a fraction of his mastery of toxicology and fungal secondary metabolites. Thank you for continually demonstrating the importance of considering the impact of a scientist's work beyond the laboratory. Thank you to Irbaz Rehman, Emily Marion, and Marin Netterfield for their extremely valuable technical assistance that contributed to this work. I appreciate all of you understanding when my brain simply had no thoughts.

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Spruce Budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) Defoliation Promotes Vertical Fuel Continuity in Ontario’s Boreal Mixedwood Forest

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

The Chemical Ecology Approach to Reveal Fungal Metabolites for Arthropod Pest Management

The Chemical Ecology Approach to Reveal Fungal Metabolites for Arthropod Pest Management

Promising approaches to the search for fungal metabolites for management of arthropod pests

Characterization of Secondary Metabolites from Douglas-Fir Endophytes to Guide the Development of Applications Reducing Swiss Needle Cast

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