Spruce fiber properties after high-temperature thermomechanical pulping (HT-TMP)

Solala, Iina; Antikainen, Toni; Reza, Mehedi; Johansson, Leena‐Sisko; Hughes, Mark; Vuorinen, Tapani

doi:10.1515/hf-2013-0083

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…2). higher fiber-fiber bonding ability (Solala et al 2014); furthermore, the high surface coverage by lignin (measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and confirmed with scanning and transmission electron microscopies by Solala et al 2014) probably contributed to the easier dispersion of the HT-TMPs. It is also clear that the composites prepared from the 170 °C HT-TMP had a darker color than the corresponding composites made from the 130 °C TMP (Fig.…”

Section: Dispersion In Pla and Changes In Fiber Morphologymentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The TMP fibers (dimensions given in Table 1) were prepared in a wing refiner (Defibrator Ab, Stockholm, Sweden) as described by Solala et al (2014) by filling the defibrator with 100 to 120 g of spruce (Picea abies L.) chips at approximately 35% consistency, steaming the chamber evenly with 130, 150 or 170 °C steam, and refining for 2 min. Spruce is conventionally used in industrial TMP manufacturing, which is why it was selected for this study as well.…”

Section: Preparation Of Tmp Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The properties of these fibers have been described elsewhere (Solala et al 2014), but the key differences between the reference (130 °C) TMP and the HT-TMP (150 to 170 °C) are higher surface coverage by lignin, weaker fiber-fiber bonding, and a loss of hemicelluloses at high defibration temperatures, especially for the 170 °C TMP. The TMP prepared at 170 °C also developed a darker color than the other two TMP types.…”

Section: Preparation Of Tmp Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The weak interfiber bonding that is characteristic of these HT-TMPs (Roffael et al 2001;Widsten et al 2001Widsten et al , 2004Gustafsson et al 2003) is considered a drawback in papermaking, where a strong fiber network is desired, but it may even be an advantage in composite applications, where uneven fiber dispersion in the matrix is a common obstacle. It has also been proposed that the abundance of lignin in TMPs enhances their adhesion to hydrophobic matrices (Peltola et al 2014;Solala et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that industrial scale facilities for HT-TMP manufacturing, i.e., traditional TMP mills, already exist, using HT-TMP in biocomposites should be relatively straightforward. As long as the mills have a well optimized heat recovery system, the production of HT-TMP is expected to consume significantly less energy than conventional TMP manufacturing (Solala et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composites of High-Temperature Thermomechanical Pulps and Polylactic Acid

Solala¹,

Koistinen²,

Siljander³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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a High-temperature thermomechanical pulps (HT-TMP, defibrated at 150 to 170 °C) were compared to a reference TMP (defibrated at 130 °C) as a reinforcement for polylactic acid (PLA). Composites were prepared by melt compounding, followed by injection molding, gradually increasing the used fiber content from 0 to 20 wt.%. The injection-molded specimens were characterized by tensile and impact strength tests, scanning electron microscopy, water absorption tests, and differential scanning calorimetry. The TMP fiber damage was also characterized before and after melt compounding by optical analysis. At 20% fiber content, the Young's modulus increased significantly, while the tensile strength remained unchanged and the impact strength decreased slightly. All fibers suffered damage during melt compounding, but the tensile strength remained about the same as in pure PLA. All types of TMP were able to increase the PLA rate of crystallization. The HT-TMP fibers were dispersed more evenly in PLA than the 130 °C TMP. The 170 °C TMP produced composites of lower water absorption than the other two TMP types, probably because of its lower hemicellulose content and its higher surface coverage by lignin.

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Section: Dispersion In Pla and Changes In Fiber Morphologymentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Preparation Of Tmp Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Tmp Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Composites of High-Temperature Thermomechanical Pulps and Polylactic Acid

Solala¹,

Koistinen²,

Siljander³

et al. 2015

BioResources

Self Cite

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Out-of-plane orientation of cellulose elementary fibrils on spruce tracheid wall based on imaging with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy

Reza

Ruokolainen

Vuorinen

2014

Planta

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A 3D model of the tracheid wall has been proposed based on high-resolution cryo-TEM where, in contrast to the current understanding, the cellulose elementary fibrils protrude from the cell wall plane. The ultrastructure of the tracheid walls of Picea abies was examined through imaging of ultrathin radial, tangential and transverse sections of wood by transmission electron microscopy and with digital image processing. It was found that the elementary fibrils (EFs) of cellulose were rarely deposited in the plane of the concentric cell wall layers, in contrast to the current understanding. In addition to the adopted concept of longitudinal fibril angle, EFs protruded from the cell wall plane in varying angles depending on the layer. Moreover, the out-of-plane fibril angle varied between radial and tangential walls. In the tangential S2 layers, EFs were always out-of-plane whereas planar orientation was typical for the S2 layer in radial walls. The pattern of protruding EFs was evident in almost all axial and transverse images of the S1 layer. Similar out-of-plane orientation was found in the transverse sections of the S3 layer. A new model of the tracheid wall with EF orientation is presented as a summary of this study. The outcome of this study will enhance our understanding of the elementary fibril orientation in the tracheid wall.

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On the potential of lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs): a review on properties and applications

2019

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This review outlines the present state and recent progress in the area of lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs), an emerging family of green cellulose nanomaterials. Different types of LCNF raw materials are described, with main focus on wood-based raw materials, and the properties of the resulting LCNFs are compared. Common problems faced in industrial utilization of CNFs are discussed in the light of potential improvements from LCNFs, covering areas such as chemical and energy consumption, dewatering and redispersibility. Out of the potential applications, barrier films, emulsions and nanocomposites are considered.

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Spruce fiber properties after high-temperature thermomechanical pulping (HT-TMP)

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Composites of High-Temperature Thermomechanical Pulps and Polylactic Acid

Composites of High-Temperature Thermomechanical Pulps and Polylactic Acid

Out-of-plane orientation of cellulose elementary fibrils on spruce tracheid wall based on imaging with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy

On the potential of lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs): a review on properties and applications

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