SPRUCE Ground Observations of Phenology in Experimental Plots, 2016-2017

PhenoCaB: a new phenological model based on carbon balance in boreal conifers

“…Indeed, an increase in monthly maximum temperature of 1°C between 1982 and 2011 advanced spring phenology by 3 d in the Northern Hemisphere (Piao et al, 2015). A +2°C experimental warming advanced spring phenology by an average c. 2 d in A. balsamea and P. mariana (Bellemin-Noël et al, 2021), and natural black spruce stands experienced earlier budbreak up to 3 d for each 1°C increase (Pureswaran et al, 2019) P. mariana between 2016 and 2020 in the SPRUCE experiment in Minnesota, USA (Hanson et al, 2017;Richardson et al, 2018;Schädel et al, 2019Schädel et al, , 2020Schädel et al, , 2021, where an advance of 5.4 d °CÀ1 of temperature increase was observed and correctly simulated in the validation tests (Fig. 5).…”

“…The fourth dataset (validation) comes from the long-term observations of black spruce collected from 2016 to 2020 by Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) experiment located within in the USDA Forest Service Marcell Experimental Forest in Minnesota, USA (Hanson et al, 2017;Richardson et al, 2018;Schädel et al, 2019Schädel et al, , 2020Schädel et al, , 2021. Statistical analyses (two-way ANOVA with DOY as dependent variable and CO 2 and temperature treatments as independent variables and a GLM with DOY as response variable and CO 2 and temperature as categorical predictors) to test whether treatments with elevated ambient CO 2 influenced spring phenology were performed.…”